Double Output When Rendering HAML Partials Containing Form Helpers #1607

When using view component (ERB, HAML, whatever) to render a form,
and then rendering a partial from that component,
if that component is both written in HAML and contains a tag like fields_for,
the output will be doubled.

This does not happen if the partial doesn't contain such a tag, or if the partial is written in ERB, or if the partial is rendered from a normal view without VC. So, all three conditions are required.

Steps to reproduce

Here is a link to a repository demonstrating the behavior: https://github.com/Aesthetikx/view_component_haml_partial_double

Expected behavior

Actual behavior

System configuration

Rails 7.0.4
Ruby 3.1.2
ViewComponent 2.79.0
HAML 6.1.1