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概念说明在开始结束I/O模型之前，先说明几个概念：
用户空间和内核空间
进程切换
进程的阻塞
文件描述符
缓存I/O
用户空间与内核空间现在操作系统都是采用虚拟存储器，那么对32位操作系统而言，它的寻址空间（虚拟存储空间）为4G（2的32次方）。操作系统的核心是内核，独立于普通的应用程序，可以访
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Velocity提供了一些默认的指令（函数）实现，但是如果需要实现一些特点的功能需要对现有的指令进行扩展，自定义指令
Velocity默认实现的相关指令velocity-1.7.jar中可以找到org.apache.velocity.runtime这个包，在defaults下找到directive.
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虚拟机类加载机制是什么虚拟机类加载机制是指虚拟机把描述类的数据从Class文件或其他二进制的字节流形式加载到内存，并对数据进行校验、转换解析和初始化，最终形成可以被虚拟机直接使用的java类型。类的加载、链接和初始化过程都是在程序运行期间完成的。
类加载的时机类从被加载到虚拟机内存开始，到卸载出内存
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运行时数据区域Java虚拟机在执行Java程序的过程中会把它所管理的内存划分为若干个不同的数据区域。说
程序计数器（线程私有）
Java虚拟机栈 （线程私有）
本地方法栈 （线程私有）
Java虚拟机堆 （线程共享）
方法区 （线程共享）
程序计数器程序计数器线程私有，如果线程正在执行的是一个J
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