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Slow performance of contains / containsAll with large HashSet instances #4233
Hi all,
I stumbled across this issue when I noticed slow assertThat(actualHashSet).contains(expectedValue) calls on bigger HashSets. Even more surprisingly I noticed that containsAll calls are slow too:
Here is a flamegraph from the last run (HashSetAssert.contains):
As you can see it comes from the linear StandardComparisonStrategy.iterableContains. Suppose I cannot reduce the HashSet what is the recommended API to use for this? Is it possible to skip the redundant super.iterableContains check?
Activity
mat3e commentedon Apr 30, 2026
InHashSetComparisonStrategyrunsHashSet#containstwice foriterableContains- directly, and throughareEqual.assertj/assertj-core/src/main/java/org/assertj/core/api/HashSetAssert.java
Lines 102 to 110 in c9764fc
It should early return when element is not in
Set, but for cases like in the example - (un)happy path of all 50k elements matching - it doesn't help.We might remove an overriden
iterableContainsfromInHashSetComparisonStrategy, relying just onareEqual, but not sure if this is the way to go 🤔Fix HashSetAssert contains/containsAll O(n²) on large sets