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using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Python.Runtime
{
/// <summary>
/// The TypeManager class is responsible for building binary-compatible
/// Python type objects that are implemented in managed code.
/// </summary>
internal class TypeManager
{
private static BindingFlags tbFlags;
private static Dictionary<Type, IntPtr> cache;
static TypeManager()
{
tbFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static;
cache = new Dictionary<Type, IntPtr>(128);
}
public static void Reset()
{
cache = new Dictionary<Type, IntPtr>(128);
}
/// <summary>
/// Given a managed Type derived from ExtensionType, get the handle to
/// a Python type object that delegates its implementation to the Type
/// object. These Python type instances are used to implement internal
/// descriptor and utility types like ModuleObject, PropertyObject, etc.
/// </summary>
internal static IntPtr GetTypeHandle(Type type)
{
// Note that these types are cached with a refcount of 1, so they
// effectively exist until the CPython runtime is finalized.
IntPtr handle;
cache.TryGetValue(type, out handle);
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
return handle;
}
handle = CreateType(type);
cache[type] = handle;
return handle;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the handle of a Python type that reflects the given CLR type.
/// The given ManagedType instance is a managed object that implements
/// the appropriate semantics in Python for the reflected managed type.
/// </summary>
internal static IntPtr GetTypeHandle(ManagedType obj, Type type)
{
IntPtr handle;
cache.TryGetValue(type, out handle);
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
return handle;
}
handle = CreateType(obj, type);
cache[type] = handle;
return handle;
}
/// <summary>
/// The following CreateType implementations do the necessary work to
/// create Python types to represent managed extension types, reflected
/// types, subclasses of reflected types and the managed metatype. The
/// dance is slightly different for each kind of type due to different
/// behavior needed and the desire to have the existing Python runtime
/// do as much of the allocation and initialization work as possible.
/// </summary>
internal static IntPtr CreateType(Type impl)
{
IntPtr type = AllocateTypeObject(impl.Name);
int ob_size = ObjectOffset.Size(type);
// Set tp_basicsize to the size of our managed instance objects.
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_basicsize, (IntPtr)ob_size);
var offset = (IntPtr)ObjectOffset.DictOffset(type);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dictoffset, offset);
InitializeSlots(type, impl);
int flags = TypeFlags.Default | TypeFlags.Managed |
TypeFlags.HeapType | TypeFlags.HaveGC;
Util.WriteCLong(type, TypeOffset.tp_flags, flags);
Runtime.PyType_Ready(type);
IntPtr dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
IntPtr mod = Runtime.PyString_FromString("CLR");
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__module__", mod);
InitMethods(type, impl);
return type;
}
internal static IntPtr CreateType(ManagedType impl, Type clrType)
{
// Cleanup the type name to get rid of funny nested type names.
string name = "CLR." + clrType.FullName;
int i = name.LastIndexOf('+');
if (i > -1)
{
name = name.Substring(i + 1);
}
i = name.LastIndexOf('.');
if (i > -1)
{
name = name.Substring(i + 1);
}
IntPtr base_ = IntPtr.Zero;
int ob_size = ObjectOffset.Size(Runtime.PyTypeType);
int tp_dictoffset = ObjectOffset.DictOffset(Runtime.PyTypeType);
// XXX Hack, use a different base class for System.Exception
// Python 2.5+ allows new style class exceptions but they *must*
// subclass BaseException (or better Exception).
if (typeof(Exception).IsAssignableFrom(clrType))
{
ob_size = ObjectOffset.Size(Exceptions.Exception);
tp_dictoffset = ObjectOffset.DictOffset(Exceptions.Exception);
}
if (clrType == typeof(Exception))
{
base_ = Exceptions.Exception;
}
else if (clrType.BaseType != null)
{
ClassBase bc = ClassManager.GetClass(clrType.BaseType);
base_ = bc.pyHandle;
}
IntPtr type = AllocateTypeObject(name);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.ob_type, Runtime.PyCLRMetaType);
Runtime.XIncref(Runtime.PyCLRMetaType);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_basicsize, (IntPtr)ob_size);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_itemsize, IntPtr.Zero);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dictoffset, (IntPtr)tp_dictoffset);
InitializeSlots(type, impl.GetType());
if (base_ != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_base, base_);
Runtime.XIncref(base_);
}
int flags = TypeFlags.Default;
flags |= TypeFlags.Managed;
flags |= TypeFlags.HeapType;
flags |= TypeFlags.BaseType;
flags |= TypeFlags.HaveGC;
Util.WriteCLong(type, TypeOffset.tp_flags, flags);
// Leverage followup initialization from the Python runtime. Note
// that the type of the new type must PyType_Type at the time we
// call this, else PyType_Ready will skip some slot initialization.
Runtime.PyType_Ready(type);
IntPtr dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
string mn = clrType.Namespace ?? "";
IntPtr mod = Runtime.PyString_FromString(mn);
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__module__", mod);
// Hide the gchandle of the implementation in a magic type slot.
GCHandle gc = GCHandle.Alloc(impl);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.magic(), (IntPtr)gc);
// Set the handle attributes on the implementing instance.
impl.tpHandle = Runtime.PyCLRMetaType;
impl.gcHandle = gc;
impl.pyHandle = type;
//DebugUtil.DumpType(type);
return type;
}
internal static IntPtr CreateSubType(IntPtr py_name, IntPtr py_base_type, IntPtr py_dict)
{
// Utility to create a subtype of a managed type with the ability for the
// a python subtype able to override the managed implementation
string name = Runtime.GetManagedString(py_name);
// the derived class can have class attributes __assembly__ and __module__ which
// control the name of the assembly and module the new type is created in.
object assembly = null;
object namespaceStr = null;
var disposeList = new List<PyObject>();
try
{
var assemblyKey = new PyObject(Converter.ToPython("__assembly__", typeof(string)));
disposeList.Add(assemblyKey);
if (0 != Runtime.PyMapping_HasKey(py_dict, assemblyKey.Handle))
{
var pyAssembly = new PyObject(Runtime.PyDict_GetItem(py_dict, assemblyKey.Handle));
Runtime.XIncref(pyAssembly.Handle);
disposeList.Add(pyAssembly);
if (!Converter.ToManagedValue(pyAssembly.Handle, typeof(string), out assembly, false))
{
throw new InvalidCastException("Couldn't convert __assembly__ value to string");
}
}
var namespaceKey = new PyObject(Converter.ToPythonImplicit("__namespace__"));
disposeList.Add(namespaceKey);
if (0 != Runtime.PyMapping_HasKey(py_dict, namespaceKey.Handle))
{
var pyNamespace = new PyObject(Runtime.PyDict_GetItem(py_dict, namespaceKey.Handle));
Runtime.XIncref(pyNamespace.Handle);
disposeList.Add(pyNamespace);
if (!Converter.ToManagedValue(pyNamespace.Handle, typeof(string), out namespaceStr, false))
{
throw new InvalidCastException("Couldn't convert __namespace__ value to string");
}
}
}
finally
{
foreach (PyObject o in disposeList)
{
o.Dispose();
}
}
// create the new managed type subclassing the base managed type
var baseClass = ManagedType.GetManagedObject(py_base_type) as ClassBase;
if (null == baseClass)
{
return Exceptions.RaiseTypeError("invalid base class, expected CLR class type");
}
try
{
Type subType = ClassDerivedObject.CreateDerivedType(name,
baseClass.type,
py_dict,
(string)namespaceStr,
(string)assembly);
// create the new ManagedType and python type
ClassBase subClass = ClassManager.GetClass(subType);
IntPtr py_type = GetTypeHandle(subClass, subType);
// by default the class dict will have all the C# methods in it, but as this is a
// derived class we want the python overrides in there instead if they exist.
IntPtr cls_dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(py_type, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
Runtime.PyDict_Update(cls_dict, py_dict);
return py_type;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return Exceptions.RaiseTypeError(e.Message);
}
}
internal static IntPtr WriteMethodDef(IntPtr mdef, IntPtr name, IntPtr func, int flags, IntPtr doc)
{
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(mdef, name);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(mdef, 1 * IntPtr.Size, func);
Marshal.WriteInt32(mdef, 2 * IntPtr.Size, flags);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(mdef, 3 * IntPtr.Size, doc);
return mdef + 4 * IntPtr.Size;
}
internal static IntPtr WriteMethodDef(IntPtr mdef, string name, IntPtr func, int flags = 0x0001,
string doc = null)
{
IntPtr namePtr = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(name);
IntPtr docPtr = doc != null ? Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(doc) : IntPtr.Zero;
return WriteMethodDef(mdef, namePtr, func, flags, docPtr);
}
internal static IntPtr WriteMethodDefSentinel(IntPtr mdef)
{
return WriteMethodDef(mdef, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero);
}
internal static IntPtr CreateMetaType(Type impl)
{
// The managed metatype is functionally little different than the
// standard Python metatype (PyType_Type). It overrides certain of
// the standard type slots, and has to subclass PyType_Type for
// certain functions in the C runtime to work correctly with it.
IntPtr type = AllocateTypeObject("CLR Metatype");
IntPtr py_type = Runtime.PyTypeType;
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_base, py_type);
Runtime.XIncref(py_type);
// Copy gc and other type slots from the base Python metatype.
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_basicsize);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_itemsize);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_dictoffset);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_weaklistoffset);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_traverse);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_clear);
CopySlot(py_type, type, TypeOffset.tp_is_gc);
// Override type slots with those of the managed implementation.
InitializeSlots(type, impl);
int flags = TypeFlags.Default;
flags |= TypeFlags.Managed;
flags |= TypeFlags.HeapType;
flags |= TypeFlags.HaveGC;
Util.WriteCLong(type, TypeOffset.tp_flags, flags);
// We need space for 3 PyMethodDef structs, each of them
// 4 int-ptrs in size.
IntPtr mdef = Runtime.PyMem_Malloc(3 * 4 * IntPtr.Size);
IntPtr mdefStart = mdef;
mdef = WriteMethodDef(
mdef,
"__instancecheck__",
Interop.GetThunk(typeof(MetaType).GetMethod("__instancecheck__"), "BinaryFunc")
);
mdef = WriteMethodDef(
mdef,
"__subclasscheck__",
Interop.GetThunk(typeof(MetaType).GetMethod("__subclasscheck__"), "BinaryFunc")
);
// FIXME: mdef is not used
mdef = WriteMethodDefSentinel(mdef);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_methods, mdefStart);
Runtime.PyType_Ready(type);
IntPtr dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
IntPtr mod = Runtime.PyString_FromString("CLR");
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__module__", mod);
//DebugUtil.DumpType(type);
return type;
}
internal static IntPtr BasicSubType(string name, IntPtr base_, Type impl)
{
// Utility to create a subtype of a std Python type, but with
// a managed type able to override implementation
IntPtr type = AllocateTypeObject(name);
//Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_basicsize, (IntPtr)obSize);
//Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_itemsize, IntPtr.Zero);
//IntPtr offset = (IntPtr)ObjectOffset.ob_dict;
//Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dictoffset, offset);
//IntPtr dc = Runtime.PyDict_Copy(dict);
//Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dict, dc);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_base, base_);
Runtime.XIncref(base_);
int flags = TypeFlags.Default;
flags |= TypeFlags.Managed;
flags |= TypeFlags.HeapType;
flags |= TypeFlags.HaveGC;
Util.WriteCLong(type, TypeOffset.tp_flags, flags);
CopySlot(base_, type, TypeOffset.tp_traverse);
CopySlot(base_, type, TypeOffset.tp_clear);
CopySlot(base_, type, TypeOffset.tp_is_gc);
InitializeSlots(type, impl);
Runtime.PyType_Ready(type);
IntPtr tp_dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
IntPtr mod = Runtime.PyString_FromString("CLR");
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(tp_dict, "__module__", mod);
return type;
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method to allocate a type object & do basic initialization.
/// </summary>
internal static IntPtr AllocateTypeObject(string name)
{
IntPtr type = Runtime.PyType_GenericAlloc(Runtime.PyTypeType, 0);
// Cheat a little: we'll set tp_name to the internal char * of
// the Python version of the type name - otherwise we'd have to
// allocate the tp_name and would have no way to free it.
#if PYTHON3
// For python3 we leak two objects. One for the ASCII representation
// required for tp_name, and another for the Unicode representation
// for ht_name.
IntPtr temp = Runtime.PyBytes_FromString(name);
IntPtr raw = Runtime.PyBytes_AS_STRING(temp);
temp = Runtime.PyUnicode_FromString(name);
#elif PYTHON2
IntPtr temp = Runtime.PyString_FromString(name);
IntPtr raw = Runtime.PyString_AsString(temp);
#endif
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_name, raw);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.name, temp);
#if PYTHON3
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.qualname, temp);
#endif
long ptr = type.ToInt64(); // 64-bit safe
temp = new IntPtr(ptr + TypeOffset.nb_add);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_as_number, temp);
temp = new IntPtr(ptr + TypeOffset.sq_length);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_as_sequence, temp);
temp = new IntPtr(ptr + TypeOffset.mp_length);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_as_mapping, temp);
#if PYTHON3
temp = new IntPtr(ptr + TypeOffset.bf_getbuffer);
#elif PYTHON2
temp = new IntPtr(ptr + TypeOffset.bf_getreadbuffer);
#endif
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, TypeOffset.tp_as_buffer, temp);
return type;
}
/// <summary>
/// Given a newly allocated Python type object and a managed Type that
/// provides the implementation for the type, connect the type slots of
/// the Python object to the managed methods of the implementing Type.
/// </summary>
internal static void InitializeSlots(IntPtr type, Type impl)
{
var seen = new Hashtable(8);
Type offsetType = typeof(TypeOffset);
while (impl != null)
{
MethodInfo[] methods = impl.GetMethods(tbFlags);
foreach (MethodInfo method in methods)
{
string name = method.Name;
if (!(name.StartsWith("tp_") ||
name.StartsWith("nb_") ||
name.StartsWith("sq_") ||
name.StartsWith("mp_") ||
name.StartsWith("bf_")
))
{
continue;
}
if (seen[name] != null)
{
continue;
}
FieldInfo fi = offsetType.GetField(name);
var offset = (int)fi.GetValue(offsetType);
IntPtr slot = Interop.GetThunk(method);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(type, offset, slot);
seen[name] = 1;
}
impl = impl.BaseType;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Given a newly allocated Python type object and a managed Type that
/// implements it, initialize any methods defined by the Type that need
/// to appear in the Python type __dict__ (based on custom attribute).
/// </summary>
private static void InitMethods(IntPtr pytype, Type type)
{
IntPtr dict = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(pytype, TypeOffset.tp_dict);
Type marker = typeof(PythonMethodAttribute);
BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static;
var addedMethods = new HashSet<string>();
while (type != null)
{
MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods(flags);
foreach (MethodInfo method in methods)
{
if (!addedMethods.Contains(method.Name))
{
object[] attrs = method.GetCustomAttributes(marker, false);
if (attrs.Length > 0)
{
string method_name = method.Name;
var mi = new MethodInfo[1];
mi[0] = method;
MethodObject m = new TypeMethod(type, method_name, mi);
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, method_name, m.pyHandle);
addedMethods.Add(method_name);
}
}
}
type = type.BaseType;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method to copy slots from a given type to another type.
/// </summary>
internal static void CopySlot(IntPtr from, IntPtr to, int offset)
{
IntPtr fp = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(from, offset);
Marshal.WriteIntPtr(to, offset, fp);
}
}
}