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Therapeutic Closure: Electro-mechanically Synergistic Sutures for Scarless Repair of High-Tension Wounds

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Abstract

High mechanical tension during wound closure typically triggers a pathological scarring cascade. Conventional surgical sutures act merely as passive tissue approximators, lacking the capacity to actively modulate this detrimental microenvironment. Herein, we establish a “closure as treatment” paradigm through the development of an electromechanically synergistic smart suture (S@VP@PPy) designed for scarless repair of high-tension wounds. The system features a hierarchical bilayer architecture comprising a verteporfin (VP)-loaded chitosan/gelatin drug reservoir and a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) outer coating. Transcriptomic and spatiotemporal protein analyses reveal a molecular division of labor. VP pharmacologically intercepts the transduction of mechanical stress into profibrotic cascades via YAP inhibition, concurrently resolving hyperinflammation and softening the extracellular matrix (ECM) by redirecting fibroblast fate. Within this softened permissive niche, PPy-mediated bioelectric stimulation accelerates re-epithelialization and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to drive hair placode invagination. In a rat dorsal high-tension model, this spatiotemporal cooperation successfully intercepts the “tension-inflammation-fibrosis” cascade, culminating in scarless healing with de novo appendage regeneration.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 82272266 and 82572882), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant no. 25ZR1401231), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no. YG2025QNB18), the Shanghai Leading Talent Program (Yixin Zhang), and Shanghai Municipal Project for the Development of Innovative Biomedical Products (25S11906600). Figures 1, 4a, b, 5a, 6a, and 7f were created with BioRender. Yu, Z. (2026).

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  1. Zhixi Yu and Liqin Tang have contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China

    Zhixi Yu, Xiaofeng Ding & Yongxian Lai

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China

    Zhixi Yu, Zheng Zhang, Xinxian Meng, Yixin Zhang & Weijie Su

  3. Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Liqin Tang, Lu Wang, Yan Li & Jifu Mao

  4. Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Liqin Tang, Lu Wang, Yan Li & Jifu Mao

  5. Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Liqin Tang, Lu Wang, Yan Li & Jifu Mao

  6. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada

    Ze Zhang

  7. Department of Burn Plastic Surgery and Wound Repair, Department of Burn, Shanghai Institute of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China

    Yunsheng Chen

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  1. Zhixi Yu
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  2. Liqin Tang
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  3. Zheng Zhang
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  4. Xinxian Meng
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  9. Lu Wang
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  10. Yan Li
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  12. Jifu Mao
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Contributions

Zhixi Yu: conceptualization, data curation, visualization, writing (original draft), and funding acquisition. Liqin Tang: data curation, visualization, and writing (original draft). Zheng Zhang: methodology, investigation, and project administration. Xinxian Meng: methodology and investigation. Xiaofeng Ding: writing (review and editing). Yongxian Lai: writing (review and editing). Yixin Zhang: funding acquisition. Ze Zhang: writing (review and editing). Lu Wang: methodology, investigation, and project administration. Yan Li: methodology, investigation, and writing (review and editing). Weijie Su: methodology, investigation, project administration, and supervision. Jifu Mao: conceptualization, funding acquisition, and supervision. Yunsheng Chen: funding acquisition and supervision.

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Correspondence to Yan Li, Weijie Su, Jifu Mao or Yunsheng Chen.

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Yu, Z., Tang, L., Zhang, Z. et al. Therapeutic Closure: Electro-mechanically Synergistic Sutures for Scarless Repair of High-Tension Wounds. Adv. Fiber Mater. (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00787-y

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