fix(#11579): openCypher CREATE INDEX on a populated label leaves the property undeclared, so later writes keep their values by shaunpatterson · Pull Request #11669 · ArcadeData/arcadedb · GitHub
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fix(#11579): openCypher CREATE INDEX on a populated label leaves the property undeclared, so later writes keep their values - #11669
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What does this PR do?
An openCypher CREATE INDEX FOR (n:N) ON (n.x) on a label whose nodes already hold x no longer declares N.x in the schema. The property stays undeclared, as it already did when the index was created before any data, and the index keys it with the STRING fallback (one key per number however it was written, #8993). Later writes store the value as given: on a label of integers 2.5 stays 2.5, '7' stays the string '7' and a date stays a date, where before they were stored as 2, 7 and epoch milliseconds.
Javadoc of inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData updated: it is now used by CREATE CONSTRAINT only.
Motivation
Reported in #11579. A range index does not constrain the values of a property (Neo4j declares no type for one), so creating it must not change what later writes store.
New test CypherCreateIndexKeepsWrittenValuesIssue11579Test (6 cases). For labels populated with integers, strings, booleans, dates and datetimes it creates the index, then writes 2.5, 7, '7', date(...), datetime(...), true and [1, 2], and checks each value reads back equal to (and of the same class as) the same write on a label without the index, that the index finds the node under that value, and that the property stays undeclared. A sixth case checks the existing integers are still found by equality and range queries and that x = '2' matches nothing. All 6 failed before the fix (for example expected: 2.5 but was: 2L) and pass with it.
Existing tests that asserted the declaration made by CREATE INDEX were updated:
CypherIndexDatetimePrecisionIssue7164Test: the two index cases now assert the property stays undeclared and the micro/nanosecond values still read back unchanged. The cases that exercise the precision sweep of the inference (widest precision, beyond 256 records, heterogeneous values, whole seconds, non-temporal) now go through CREATE CONSTRAINT ... IS NOT NULL, which still infers, so the inference keeps its coverage with the same expected types.
CypherIndexMixedNumericIssue8999Test.integralAndFloatingValuesSettleOnTheWidestType: same, through a NOT NULL constraint.
CypherMixedTypeIndexIssue5225Test and the server Issue5225MixedTypeIndexIT: they test a declared INTEGER property behind a Cypher index, which the index used to declare; they now declare it with CREATE PROPERTY BugIdx.val INTEGER first, and their assertions are unchanged.
CREATE CONSTRAINT (UNIQUE, NOT NULL, NODE KEY) still declares the property from the existing data, so it still converts later writes of another kind. The issue is about CREATE INDEX; the NOT NULL and NODE KEY arms declare a STRING property when there is nothing to infer, so dropping the inference there would make things worse and needs its own decision.
A range index on a populated numeric or temporal property now has STRING keys, like one created before the data. Equality lookups go through the index; a numeric or temporal range bound does not match the key category, so such range predicates fall back to the scan and filter path (with correct results, as CypherIndexMixedNumericIssue8999Test already checks for the index created first). Declaring the property before creating the index keeps typed keys.
Checklist
I have run the build using mvn clean package command
My unit tests cover both failure and success scenarios
Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
Creating range indexes or unique constraints no longer changes the declared types or precision of existing property values. Index lookups and comparisons continue to work across different value types.
Node-key constraints still declare property types and mandatory status.
Tests
Added regression coverage for value preservation, index lookups, predicates, and constraint behavior.
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Walkthrough
CREATE INDEX on an undeclared property now leaves the property undeclared and uses STRING index keys. UNIQUE constraints also skip existing-data type inference. Tests cover preserved writes, index lookups, temporal precision, and constraint-specific type declarations.
Changes: openCypher index and constraint types
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Index and uniqueness property handling engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/query/OpenCypherQueryEngine.java
Range indexes use STRING keys without declaring missing properties. UNIQUE constraints skip existing-data type inference; other constraints retain inference, and vector indexes still declare ARRAY_OF_FLOATS.
Written values and index lookups engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/CypherCreateIndexKeepsWrittenValuesIssue11579Test.java, engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/CypherIndexDatetimePrecisionIssue7164Test.java, engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/OpenCypherIndexTest.java
Tests compare indexed and unindexed writes and query results across value types. They also assert that CREATE INDEX leaves temporal properties undeclared.
Constraint inference and declared-property coverage engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/CypherIndexDatetimePrecisionIssue7164Test.java, engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/CypherIndexMixedNumericIssue8999Test.java, engine/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/CypherMixedTypeIndexIssue5225Test.java, server/src/test/java/com/arcadedb/server/Issue5225MixedTypeIndexIT.java
Constraint tests cover temporal precision and numeric type inference, plus uniqueness and node-key behavior. Mixed-type index tests now declare the property as INTEGER before index creation.
ArcadeData/arcadedb#9942: Both PRs modify the mixed-type index tests and affect typed-key equality behavior.
ArcadeData/arcadedb#10864: Both PRs change the openCypher index path; this PR retains vector-index declaration as ARRAY_OF_FLOATS.
Suggested labels:bug
Suggested reviewers:lvca
Merge Risk: Moderate · up to 7baec
Uniqueness constraints on properties that are not explicitly declared can reject valid writes where a number and its text form, such as 2 and '2', are treated as duplicates. Resolve or explicitly accept this before merging; the other changes match the stated intent.
Pre-merge checks: 3 · 1
Failed checks: 1 warning
Check name
Status
Explanation
Resolution
Out of Scope Changes check
The diff changes executeCreateConstraint. For kind == CypherDDLStatement.ConstraintKind.UNIQUE, inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData is no longer called, so the uniqueness constraint leaves an existing p…
Remove the UNIQUE branch change from executeCreateConstraint (keep inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData for UNIQUE as before), and keep the constraint-related test updates only where they are needed by the CREATE INDEX change. If the uniquenes…
Passed checks: 3 passed
Check name
Status
Explanation
Title check
The title names the fix, the issue number, and the core behavior: openCypher CREATE INDEX on a populated label leaves the property undeclared so later writes keep their values. The raw summary confirm…
Description check
The description follows the template well. It covers what the PR does, the motivation, the related issue (Fixes #11579), and additional notes with test coverage and limitations. The checklist is prese…
Linked Issues check
Issue #11579 requires that openCypher CREATE INDEX on an undeclared property of a populated label not declare the property type from existing data, and that later writes keep their values. The diff re…
Full details: Title check
Explanation
The title names the fix, the issue number, and the core behavior: openCypher CREATE INDEX on a populated label leaves the property undeclared so later writes keep their values. The raw summary confirms the main change in OpenCypherQueryEngine.buildTypeIndex and the new tests match this. The title is specific and accurate, though it is long (123 characters) and the commit-level detail about CREATE CONSTRAINT is not reflected in it, which is acceptable because the title need not cover every detail.
Full details: Description check
Explanation
The description follows the template well. It covers what the PR does, the motivation, the related issue (Fixes #11579), and additional notes with test coverage and limitations. The checklist is present, with the unit-test item checked and the build item left unchecked. The template's Motivation and Related issues sections are both filled in. The description is detailed and mostly complete.
Full details: Linked Issues check
Explanation
Issue #11579 requires that openCypher CREATE INDEX on an undeclared property of a populated label not declare the property type from existing data, and that later writes keep their values. The diff removes the RANGE branch that calls inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData and createProperty in buildTypeIndex (OpenCypherQueryEngine.java). An undeclared property now gets defaultKeyTypes[i] = Type.STRING for RANGE indexes, so the schema is not changed. The schema property stays undeclared, and index keys stay separate from the schema, which matches the issue. The documented workarounds remain: an explicit property declaration is still honoured (the early continue when the polymorphic property exists is unchanged), and an index created before data load is unaffected. The PR description reports a new test class, CypherCreateIndexKeepsWrittenValuesIssue11579Test, with six cases that cover the reported conversions (2.5, '7', date). I did not read the test file. The result rests on the diff and the reported test runs. Vector indexes still declare ARRAY_OF_FLOATS (#10678), as the issue does not address them.
Full details: Out of Scope Changes check
Explanation
The diff changes executeCreateConstraint. For kind == CypherDDLStatement.ConstraintKind.UNIQUE, inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData is no longer called, so the uniqueness constraint leaves an existing property undeclared. Issue #11579 scopes the request to CREATE INDEX only, and it does not ask for a change to CREATE CONSTRAINT. The PR description states that CREATE CONSTRAINT (UNIQUE, NOT NULL, NODE KEY) still declares the property from existing data, so the code contradicts the description. The change also alters schema declarations and duplicate-rejection behavior for a DDL form that the issue does not name. This part is not connected to the requested CREATE INDEX fix. The related commit message and added test coverage for uniqueness constraints also support that this was a deliberate extension. It is not a required part of #11579.
Resolution
Remove the UNIQUE branch change from executeCreateConstraint (keep inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData for UNIQUE as before), and keep the constraint-related test updates only where they are needed by the CREATE INDEX change. If the uniqueness behavior change is wanted, move it to a separate issue and PR with its own requirements, and align the PR description with the code.
Finishing Touches
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…erty undeclared too
CREATE CONSTRAINT ... IS UNIQUE on a populated label declared the property from the stored values, so 2.5 on integers was
stored as 2 and then refused as a duplicate of the 2 already there. Only the existence constraints (NOT NULL, NODE KEY),
which need a declared property to make it mandatory, keep the inference. Adds tests for cross-kind predicates over the
text-keyed index (2, '2', 2.0, true, 'true', dates) and for the uniqueness constraint.
I reviewed the two commits and the engine change by reading them. I did not build the project or run any tests. origin/main...HEAD has no merge base in this checkout, so I read each commit's diff directly.
Verdict: the change is correct and well scoped. I found nothing blocking, only the points below.
Constraint path (around line 1264): UNIQUE skips the inference, and NOT NULL and NODE KEY keep it because they need a declared property. The defaultKeyTypes and anyUndeclared fallback is already wired into the UNIQUE builder, so no extra plumbing is needed.
inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData is still used by the existence constraints, and its Javadoc now says so.
The existing tests moved to CREATE CONSTRAINT ... IS NOT NULL or to an explicit CREATE PROPERTY, with their expected types unchanged, so the inference and declared-type coverage is kept.
Range performance: numeric and temporal range predicates on a populated label now fall back to scan and filter, as the PR notes. That is a deliberate trade-off. A line in the release notes or docs saying to declare the property first if typed range seeks matter would help users.
Inconsistent end state:NOT NULL and NODE KEY still convert later writes of another kind. The PR says so, but a follow-up issue would keep it from getting lost.
Checklist:mvn clean package is unticked. The Docker runs listed in the description cover the relevant modules.
Style: the code follows CLAUDE.md. The tests use assertThat, there is no leftover System.out, and the new test is named after the issue.
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Actionable comments posted: 1
Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
Prompt to fix all issues
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/query/OpenCypherQueryEngine.java:
- Line 1268: Update UNIQUE constraint key construction and lookup paths so
undeclared-property values retain their kind, preventing values such as 2 and
"2" from colliding while preserving numeric equality between 2 and 2.0. Trace
the key conversion used by the `inferred` logic and ensure constraint creation
over existing data, subsequent writes, and lookups all use the same type-aware
representation; add tests for mixed values during constraint creation and for a
later insert of the other kind.
---
Failed pre-merge checks:
- Out of Scope Changes check:
Remove the UNIQUE branch change from executeCreateConstraint (keep
inferPropertyTypeFromExistingData for UNIQUE as before), and keep the
constraint-related test updates only where they are needed by the CREATE INDEX
change. If the uniqueness behavior change is wanted, move it to a separate issue
and PR with its own requirements, and align the PR description with the code.
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What does this PR do?
An openCypher
CREATE INDEX FOR (n:N) ON (n.x)on a label whose nodes already holdxno longer declaresN.xin the schema. The property stays undeclared, as it already did when the index was created before any data, and the index keys it with the STRING fallback (one key per number however it was written, #8993). Later writes store the value as given: on a label of integers2.5stays2.5,'7'stays the string'7'and a date stays a date, where before they were stored as2,7and epoch milliseconds.Code changes:
OpenCypherQueryEngine.buildTypeIndex: a RANGE index no longer callsinferPropertyTypeFromExistingDataandcreateProperty; an undeclared property gets the STRING default key type for every non-vector index kind. A vector index still declaresARRAY_OF_FLOATS(openCypher: accept Neo4j's CREATE VECTOR INDEX and CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX, so Neo4j clients can create what db.index.* already queries #10678).inferPropertyTypeFromExistingDataupdated: it is now used byCREATE CONSTRAINTonly.Motivation
Reported in #11579. A range index does not constrain the values of a property (Neo4j declares no type for one), so creating it must not change what later writes store.
Related issues
Fixes #11579
Additional Notes
New test
CypherCreateIndexKeepsWrittenValuesIssue11579Test(6 cases). For labels populated with integers, strings, booleans, dates and datetimes it creates the index, then writes2.5,7,'7',date(...),datetime(...),trueand[1, 2], and checks each value reads back equal to (and of the same class as) the same write on a label without the index, that the index finds the node under that value, and that the property stays undeclared. A sixth case checks the existing integers are still found by equality and range queries and thatx = '2'matches nothing. All 6 failed before the fix (for exampleexpected: 2.5 but was: 2L) and pass with it.Existing tests that asserted the declaration made by
CREATE INDEXwere updated:CypherIndexDatetimePrecisionIssue7164Test: the two index cases now assert the property stays undeclared and the micro/nanosecond values still read back unchanged. The cases that exercise the precision sweep of the inference (widest precision, beyond 256 records, heterogeneous values, whole seconds, non-temporal) now go throughCREATE CONSTRAINT ... IS NOT NULL, which still infers, so the inference keeps its coverage with the same expected types.CypherIndexMixedNumericIssue8999Test.integralAndFloatingValuesSettleOnTheWidestType: same, through a NOT NULL constraint.CypherMixedTypeIndexIssue5225Testand the serverIssue5225MixedTypeIndexIT: they test a declared INTEGER property behind a Cypher index, which the index used to declare; they now declare it withCREATE PROPERTY BugIdx.val INTEGERfirst, and their assertions are unchanged.OpenCypherIndexTest: comment only.Test runs (Docker, JDK 21):
com/arcadedb/query/opencypher/**/*Testwith-DexcludedGroups=slow: 8383 tests, 0 failures, 0 errors, 11 skipped.com/arcadedb/index/**/*Testwith-DexcludedGroups=slow: 3024 tests, 0 failures, 0 errors, 1 skipped.Issue5225MixedTypeIndexIT(server): 1 test, 0 failures.Limitations and trade-offs:
CREATE CONSTRAINT(UNIQUE, NOT NULL, NODE KEY) still declares the property from the existing data, so it still converts later writes of another kind. The issue is aboutCREATE INDEX; the NOT NULL and NODE KEY arms declare a STRING property when there is nothing to infer, so dropping the inference there would make things worse and needs its own decision.CypherIndexMixedNumericIssue8999Testalready checks for the index created first). Declaring the property before creating the index keeps typed keys.Checklist
mvn clean packagecommandSummary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
Tests