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Scripting: Drain the nextTick queue on each tick and runtime entry - #375
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Event handlers and calls from another resource enter a runtime straight through v8::Function::Call, with no node::CallbackScope around them. Outside libuv's callbacks, NodeRuntime::Tick then only drained through PerformMicrotaskCheckpoint, and that never runs process.nextTick callbacks: Node runs those when a callback scope closes. So a process.nextTick such a call queues waits for the runtime's next libuv callback, which may never come. node.h asks for MakeCallback() or a CallbackScope on "top-level calls into JavaScript (i.e. without any existing JS stack)".
mysql2's pool hands out an idle connection through process.nextTick, so a query one resource sends through a shared MySQL resource while its pool is idle stalls. On HogwartsMP with Node 26.12.1 that times out resource starts that migrate through the MySQL resource (resourceStart timed out after 30000ms) in about half of our server starts.
Node used to hide it for runtimes with open sockets: up to 26.3 every libuv check pass opened and closed a callback scope, so such a runtime drained its queue once per tick by accident. nodejs/node#62969 (26.4.0) skips that scope when no immediates are queued. nodejs/node#66158 is a native module stalling the same way, closed as not planned with the fix left to the caller's CallbackScope (tracked in nodejs/nan#1024). A V8 platform task also drains it, since Node runs those in a scope, which is why it only stalled sometimes.
Repro
Two resources, nothing else:
// tick-owner (exports: ["later"])Exports.register("later",()=>newPromise((resolve)=>process.nextTick(()=>resolve("resolved"))));// tick-caller (depends on tick-owner)constt0=Date.now();Imports.get("tick-owner").later().then((v)=>console.log(`${v} in ${Date.now()-t0} ms`));
The promise never settles on 40.2.0 (Node 26.12.1) or on a 37.x build (Node 25.6.1). The owner holds no ref'd handle, so libuv never reaches its check pass and nothing drains the queue on either version.
Change
NodeRuntime::Tick closes an empty node::CallbackScope where it ran its two microtask checkpoints. Closing it runs the nextTick queue, the microtasks and pending unhandled rejections, so whatever the calls since the last tick queued runs on the next one.
Behaviour change: unhandled rejections and throwing nextTick callbacks now reach the bootstrap's handlers, and so a resource's errorBehavior, on the next tick, instead of whenever unrelated I/O next opened a scope. That is Node's own behaviour. A resource that attaches its .catch frames after the rejection now gets that handling every time instead of only some of the time.
Testing
RunFrameworkTests passes (762 Framework tests, 3 client scripting tests). The new node_runtime test queues a nextTick callback and a nextTick-resolved promise from a call through V8, with nothing pending in the loop, and expects one Tick() to run both, twenty rounds in a row. It failed 3/3 runs without the change and passed 3/3 with it.
HogwartsMP built against this branch:
The repro above resolves in 19-32 ms.
5/5 fresh server starts with the Foundations pack loaded every resource, with no resourceStart timeouts. Before, about half of the starts timed out.
SELECT 1 through the shared MySQL resource while its pool is idle: 36-64 ms. Before, it stalled past 20 s.
A full in-game session with all 32 Foundations resources logged no unhandled rejections, uncaught exceptions or resource errors.
Follow-up: a callback scope on every entry (review)
The tick-level drain above fixes the stall, but leaves a gap against Node: a nextTick queued by a call from the host or from another resource ran at the next tick, not as the call returned, so two host calls in a row both finished before anything either queued (a, b, a-tick where Node gives a, a-tick, b), and a cross-resource promise cost a tick per hop. Three more commits close it:
Scripting: Document the tick-level drain and record each test round - review nits: comments, and the drain test keeps every round's transcript so a failure shows which rounds drained.
Scripting: Settle message replies outside the request lock - preparation: ProcessPendingResponses and CleanupResource take a request out of the table under _pendingRequestsMutex and settle it after releasing the lock, because settling is about to run the requester's continuations, and one that requests again would deadlock on it.
Scripting: Run every entry into a runtime inside a Node callback scope - each NodeRuntime registers how to open a node::CallbackScope on its environment in a small per-isolate registry (scripting/callback_scope.h); the shared code, built without node.h, opens it through OpenCallbackScope(), and a bare V8 runtime (the client) has none. The framework's entries open it: Engine::Execute, EngineScope, FunctionReferences' Entered (calls, fetches and promise settlements into another runtime), Messages::Settle, StateBag::Dispatch, the inspector drain call. Nested entries drain once, when the outermost returns, as Node's own callbacks do. Tick() keeps its drain for calls made through raw V8. Since an owner's queue now drains as a call leaves it, a promise already resolved by then settles before the caller's promise exists; the settlement keeps the outcome for Invoke, which settles the promise as soon as it has made it.
With this, tick-owner.later() in the repro settles inside the call: the owner's nextTick runs as the call leaves the owner, the settlement enters the caller and the caller's .then runs as it leaves. Measured in the unit tests: the caller's promise is already fulfilled when FunctionReferences::Call returns, with nothing ticked.
Release notes
Scripting (MINOR under the version semantics: scripting-layer behaviour change).
process.nextTick callbacks, promise continuations and queueMicrotask callbacks queued by a call from the host (an event handler, a chat or voice callback, a state bag listener, a resource's main script) or from another resource (an export, an event or message handler in another resource) now run when that call returns, as they do in Node. Before, they waited for the runtime's next server tick (~16 ms at 60 Hz), and in a resource with no timers or sockets they could wait forever.
A promise returned across resources (an async export, a Messages.request reply) now settles and runs its continuations within the call that produced the settlement instead of one to two ticks later. mysql2's idle pool, which hands out connections through nextTick, answers at once.
Unhandled promise rejections and throwing nextTick callbacks reach the resource's error handling (errorBehavior) as the call that queued them returns, or at the next tick for a call made through raw V8, instead of whenever unrelated I/O next ran a Node callback. A resource with no timers or sockets that silently left a rejected promise behind is now reported, and stopped under errorBehavior: stop.
C++ projects: enter a runtime through EngineScope (or run scripts through Engine::Execute). A call made with only V8's own scopes and v8::Function::Call has no Node callback scope: what it queues waits for the runtime's next tick, or for the next scoped call into it to return. See docs/scripting_resource_isolation.md.
Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
JavaScript callbacks queued with process.nextTick and promises now run at the expected time when framework calls return, with nested calls draining queued work after the outer call completes.
Promise results are delivered to callers correctly, including when they settle before the caller resumes.
Message handlers can issue another request while processing a reply without interrupting the request flow.
Errors from queued callbacks are reported through the corresponding resource’s error handling.
Documentation
Clarified when queued JavaScript work runs for framework-scoped calls and raw V8 calls.
Event handlers and other runtimes' calls enter a runtime through V8
with no node::CallbackScope, and Tick only ran microtask checkpoints,
which never run process.nextTick callbacks. Those waited for some
libuv callback to close a scope, so with nothing pending they never
ran. Node 26.4 stopped draining on every empty check pass, so mysql2's
idle pool, which hands out connections through nextTick, now stalls a
query another resource sends. Tick closes an empty CallbackScope where
it ran the checkpoints, which runs the nextTick queue, the microtasks
and unhandled rejections.
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Walkthrough
NodeRuntime::Tick now drains Node.js task queues before and after processing libuv events and foreground platform tasks. A new test checks that a queued process.nextTick callback runs before a promise reaction.
Tick calls DrainTaskQueues before and after processing events and foreground platform tasks. The helper uses node::CallbackScope to drain queued callbacks, microtasks, and pending unhandled rejections.
Queue order test code/tests/modules/node_runtime_ut.h
The test invokes a global function that queues a process.nextTick callback and promise reaction. It checks that Tick records the order tick,then.
No identified issue remains that should delay merging after normal checks.
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The title clearly describes the main change: draining the nextTick queue on runtime ticks and entries.
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A rabbit checks the task queues, Then watches callbacks hop in line. A nextTick bounds ahead of then, While libuv brings events to the burrow. The runtime ticks; the notes read “tick,then.” The rabbit nods and digs onward.
A single round could pass on a build without the drain when a stray
platform task, which Node runs in a callback scope, drained the queue
first. Each of twenty rounds now has to drain on its own tick, after
the queued functions are compiled and their tasks have run.
Tick() now says that what a call from outside Node queues runs on the
next tick, not as the call returns the way Node runs it, and the second
drain's comment names what it catches: Node's own callbacks and the
platform's tasks drain on their way out, so it is there for native code
with no scope of its own. The drain test keeps every round's transcript
so a failure shows which rounds drained instead of a count, and ticks
its warm-up a fixed number of times rather than through TickUntil with
a condition that never holds.
ProcessPendingResponses and CleanupResource settled a requester's
promise while holding _pendingRequestsMutex. Settling is about to run
the requester's continuations on the spot, and one that makes another
request would take that lock again on the same thread. Each request
now leaves the table under the lock, as a map node, and is settled
once the lock is released. A late reply() finds nothing either way, and
CleanupResource still rejects every request a stopped resource made or
owed an answer to.
A call into a runtime from outside its JavaScript ran through a bare
v8::Function::Call, so what it queued with process.nextTick or a
promise waited for the runtime's next tick: two host calls in a row
both finished before anything either queued, and a cross-runtime
promise took a tick per hop. node.h asks for a CallbackScope on such
calls; Node drains the nextTick queue, the microtasks and the unhandled
rejections as the outermost one closes, and leaves a nested one to it.
Each NodeRuntime registers how to open one on its environment in a
small per-isolate registry (callback_scope.h), which the shared code,
built without node.h, opens through OpenCallbackScope(); a bare V8
runtime has none. The framework's entries open it: Engine::Execute,
EngineScope, FunctionReferences' Entered (calls, fetches and promise
settlements into another runtime), Messages::Settle, StateBag::Dispatch
and the inspector's drain call. Entries that nest drain once, when the
outermost returns, as Node's own callbacks do.
An owner's queue now drains as a call leaves it, so a promise resolved
by then settles before the caller's promise exists: the settlement
keeps the outcome for Invoke, which settles the promise as soon as it
has made it. A settlement entering the caller runs the caller's
continuations as it leaves, so the round trip the PR measured at a tick
or two now completes inside the call. Tick() keeps its drain for calls
made through raw V8, which bypass the entries.
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code/framework/src/scripting/node_runtime.h
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Segfaultd
changed the title
Scripting: Drain the nextTick queue on every runtime tick
Scripting: Drain the nextTick queue on each tick and runtime entry
Nov 5, 2026
Develop's #375 runs every entry into a runtime in a Node callback scope,
which settles cross-runtime promises inline and drains nextTick on each
tick. Take it and drop this branch's work-queue drain and tick drain;
RunUntil still runs runtimes for I/O, timers and immediates.
Since #375 an entry runs what it queued as its callback scope closes. A state bag listener's scope closed after its charge, and a message reply ran the requester's continuations with no charge at all; both now count as the resource's own time, and a slow reply continuation is reported.
Since #375 a Tick opens two callback scopes, so ticking every live
loop on each Windows visit cost about 1.8 us a runtime. RunReady only
needs uv_run: Node's own callbacks drain on their way out.
* Scripting: Run nextTick callbacks queued outside libuv callbacks
Tick ran bare microtask checkpoints, so a process.nextTick queued from
a promise reaction waited for the runtime's next libuv callback, up to
seconds later. Close a Node callback scope instead, which runs both.
* Scripting: Run ready script work between server ticks
The server slept between ticks, so every awaited socket reply,
immediate, timer or cross-resource promise waited for the next tick.
RunUntil now runs a runtime as soon as it has work: it polls every
loop's backend fd on POSIX, visits live loops every millisecond on
Windows, and drains runtimes that cross-resource calls left work in.
* Scripting: Sleep between ticks when no loop is live
With no backend fd to watch, RunUntil called poll() on zero fds, which
some macOS releases return from at once, so the wait spun until the
tick. Sleep explicitly in that case.
* Scripting: Visit loops between ticks without the tick's drains
Since #375 a Tick opens two callback scopes, so ticking every live
loop on each Windows visit cost about 1.8 us a runtime. RunReady only
needs uv_run: Node's own callbacks drain on their way out.
* Scripting: Sleep out a failed poll() between ticks
RunUntil fell through a poll() that failed with anything but EINTR
and went straight to the next round, which polled the same fds again:
a persistent failure spun the thread until the tick. Sleep the round
out instead, so timers still set the wait and I/O goes back to being
served by the tick, and say so once.
* Scripting: Keep the between-tick wait's lists across rounds
Each round of RunUntil built its due, watched and fd lists afresh.
On Windows a round comes every millisecond, so that was three
allocations a millisecond on a quiet server. Clear and refill them.
* Scripting: Ask a loop when it is due only while it is alive
MsUntilDue answered -1 both for a loop with no timer and for one with
nothing referenced, so RunUntil asked uv_loop_alive a second time to
tell them apart. Check IsAlive() first and leave MsUntilDue to the
one question. Also document the new NodeRuntime entries the way the
rest of the header does, and that uncaught errors now queue from
RunUntil as well as Tick.
* Server: Warn when script between ticks holds up the tick
A long callback used to run inside the tick, where the slow-tick
warning counted it. Run between ticks by WaitUntil it delays the next
tick just the same, and nothing said so. Measure how far past its due
time the wait comes back and warn past the same threshold, throttled
the same way.
---------
Co-authored-by: Segfault <5221072+Segfaultd@users.noreply.github.com>
* Scripting: Monitor script time, heap and GC per resource
Adds ResourceMonitor, the per-resource monitor from the isolation plan: each runtime's own script time, charged where the engine enters it, its heap and collector pauses sampled once a second, and a rate-limited warning when a handler, listener, export call or tick passes slow-script-ms (server.json, default 50). Read through NodeEngine::GetRuntimeStats() and the resmon command; Tracy zones now split the server tick across scripting, replication and voice.
* Tests: Read the monitor's stats from a snapshot that is still alive
Three accounting tests kept a pointer into the temporary vector Snapshot() returns, and read freed memory (zeros on macOS). The cross-resource test now sets its own 100 ms threshold, with every burn at least 70 ms from it.
* Scripting: Align the resource monitor with server ticks and wall time
The server now closes the monitor's frame at the top of each tick, so a resource's RPC handlers, timers and events in one tick add up together. A late second's collector time is divided by the wall time it covered, a long tick skips the window slots it spanned, and a state bag listener is charged for rebuilding its own arguments.
* Tests: Measure the monitor's cross-resource burn in its own frame
The test summed each resource's time over every idle tick in its loop, which a slow macOS runner charged 100 ms for. It now reads the frame the timer ran in, and burns on performance.now(), which Date.now()'s whole milliseconds could cut short.
* Server: Print the monitor's effective slow threshold in resmon
The raw option could read "over 0 ms" or a negative value while warnings were off.
* Scripting: Charge the drains that moved into entries
Since #375 an entry runs what it queued as its callback scope closes. A state bag listener's scope closed after its charge, and a message reply ran the requester's continuations with no charge at all; both now count as the resource's own time, and a slow reply continuation is reported.
* Scripting: Charge the loop runs between ticks
Since #372 a runtime's timers, I/O and await continuations mostly run in RunUntil, which charged nobody. Each visit is charged to its runtime and gets a Scripting::RunLoop zone; the slow check reads the charge back only for a visit that lasted the threshold, since Windows visits every live loop each millisecond.
* Docs: Name the columns resmon prints
* Tests: Check the monitor lists a runtime before reading its stats
Several monitor tests dereferenced Find() straight away, so a missing
runtime would have crashed the run instead of failing the assertion.
* Scripting: Count collector pauses from a runtime's first second
The monitor took the first sample it closed a second on as a baseline
and discarded every pause before it, which is where a resource's
startup collections land: a runtime that churned 219 scavenges in its
first 400 ms read 0.00 GC ms/s. A runtime is tracked as soon as it
exists, so its totals now count from zero. The monitor takes the
instant its window starts from, so the tests can divide by exact
seconds, and a new test churns a real runtime at startup and reads
its pauses back.
* Scripting: Name the export in the monitor's slow reports
"export call from 'teller'" could not say which of the owner's exports
was slow, and rate-limited every export of that owner and caller
together, so one slow export hid the next for 10 s. Each export keeps
its function's name from when it first crossed, and a slow call is
reported as "export 'work' called from 'teller'", with the label built
only for a call that was slow. IsSlow() replaces the threshold checks
written out by hand.
* Scripting: Pair collector callbacks by type
The filter leaves only the atomic pauses, which V8 14.6 never nests;
the prologue now records the type and the epilogue ignores one that
does not match, the insurance Node's perf_hooks keep (nodejs/node#44046)
for a V8 that interleaves another pair inside one.
* Server: Print the memory view with resmon heap
The committed heap, external memory and pause count were collected but
never shown; resmon heap now prints them, sorted by what each runtime
holds on and off the heap, and resmon keeps the time view.
* Scripting: Tidy the resource monitor's interface
RuntimeSample moves to its own header, so the runtime no longer
includes the monitor that reads it. The engine's own entries (its
runtime's tick, each resource's tick and startup script) charge the
engine's monitor through a Scope on it rather than through the
process-wide Current(). IsTracked() goes: nothing called it.
* Networking: Hand the profiler its values unchanged
ZoneValue takes a uint64_t, so the int64_t casts on the sizes did
nothing; the packet count is marked unused for a build with profiling
off, where the zone it feeds compiles out.
* Scripting: Include <string_view> where messages.h uses it
* Docs: Describe the monitor's memory view, export reports and first second
Also says how a resource re-entered through another is charged: for
both of its frames, as its own time.
* Scripting: Let a collector pause left open heal on the next sample
A prologue whose epilogue never came would keep _gcType set and the
runtime's pauses uncounted for good. Sample() holds the isolate, so
no pause is in progress while it runs: it clears the pairing.
* Scripting: Look the export's name up only for a slow call
Every export call copied the name for a report that is rare; the call
now carries the export's id and looks the name up only when it was
slow, with "(since released)" for an export gone during the call. An
arrow function passed straight to Exports.register() has no name of
its own: register() tags it with the export's, which the report falls
back to.
---------
Co-authored-by: Segfault <5221072+Segfaultd@users.noreply.github.com>
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Event handlers and calls from another resource enter a runtime straight through
v8::Function::Call, with nonode::CallbackScopearound them. Outside libuv's callbacks,NodeRuntime::Tickthen only drained throughPerformMicrotaskCheckpoint, and that never runsprocess.nextTickcallbacks: Node runs those when a callback scope closes. So aprocess.nextTicksuch a call queues waits for the runtime's next libuv callback, which may never come. node.h asks forMakeCallback()or aCallbackScopeon "top-level calls into JavaScript (i.e. without any existing JS stack)".mysql2's pool hands out an idle connection through
process.nextTick, so a query one resource sends through a shared MySQL resource while its pool is idle stalls. On HogwartsMP with Node 26.12.1 that times out resource starts that migrate through the MySQL resource (resourceStart timed out after 30000ms) in about half of our server starts.Node used to hide it for runtimes with open sockets: up to 26.3 every libuv check pass opened and closed a callback scope, so such a runtime drained its queue once per tick by accident. nodejs/node#62969 (26.4.0) skips that scope when no immediates are queued. nodejs/node#66158 is a native module stalling the same way, closed as not planned with the fix left to the caller's
CallbackScope(tracked in nodejs/nan#1024). A V8 platform task also drains it, since Node runs those in a scope, which is why it only stalled sometimes.Repro
Two resources, nothing else:
The promise never settles on 40.2.0 (Node 26.12.1) or on a 37.x build (Node 25.6.1). The owner holds no ref'd handle, so libuv never reaches its check pass and nothing drains the queue on either version.
Change
NodeRuntime::Tickcloses an emptynode::CallbackScopewhere it ran its two microtask checkpoints. Closing it runs the nextTick queue, the microtasks and pending unhandled rejections, so whatever the calls since the last tick queued runs on the next one.Behaviour change: unhandled rejections and throwing nextTick callbacks now reach the bootstrap's handlers, and so a resource's
errorBehavior, on the next tick, instead of whenever unrelated I/O next opened a scope. That is Node's own behaviour. A resource that attaches its.catchframes after the rejection now gets that handling every time instead of only some of the time.Testing
RunFrameworkTestspasses (762 Framework tests, 3 client scripting tests). The newnode_runtimetest queues a nextTick callback and a nextTick-resolved promise from a call through V8, with nothing pending in the loop, and expects oneTick()to run both, twenty rounds in a row. It failed 3/3 runs without the change and passed 3/3 with it.resourceStarttimeouts. Before, about half of the starts timed out.SELECT 1through the shared MySQL resource while its pool is idle: 36-64 ms. Before, it stalled past 20 s.Follow-up: a callback scope on every entry (review)
The tick-level drain above fixes the stall, but leaves a gap against Node: a
nextTickqueued by a call from the host or from another resource ran at the next tick, not as the call returned, so two host calls in a row both finished before anything either queued (a, b, a-tickwhere Node givesa, a-tick, b), and a cross-resource promise cost a tick per hop. Three more commits close it:Scripting: Document the tick-level drain and record each test round- review nits: comments, and the drain test keeps every round's transcript so a failure shows which rounds drained.Scripting: Settle message replies outside the request lock- preparation:ProcessPendingResponsesandCleanupResourcetake a request out of the table under_pendingRequestsMutexand settle it after releasing the lock, because settling is about to run the requester's continuations, and one that requests again would deadlock on it.Scripting: Run every entry into a runtime inside a Node callback scope- eachNodeRuntimeregisters how to open anode::CallbackScopeon its environment in a small per-isolate registry (scripting/callback_scope.h); the shared code, built withoutnode.h, opens it throughOpenCallbackScope(), and a bare V8 runtime (the client) has none. The framework's entries open it:Engine::Execute,EngineScope,FunctionReferences'Entered(calls, fetches and promise settlements into another runtime),Messages::Settle,StateBag::Dispatch, the inspector drain call. Nested entries drain once, when the outermost returns, as Node's own callbacks do.Tick()keeps its drain for calls made through raw V8. Since an owner's queue now drains as a call leaves it, a promise already resolved by then settles before the caller's promise exists; the settlement keeps the outcome forInvoke, which settles the promise as soon as it has made it.With this,
tick-owner.later()in the repro settles inside the call: the owner'snextTickruns as the call leaves the owner, the settlement enters the caller and the caller's.thenruns as it leaves. Measured in the unit tests: the caller's promise is already fulfilled whenFunctionReferences::Callreturns, with nothing ticked.Release notes
Scripting (MINOR under the version semantics: scripting-layer behaviour change).
process.nextTickcallbacks, promise continuations andqueueMicrotaskcallbacks queued by a call from the host (an event handler, a chat or voice callback, a state bag listener, a resource's main script) or from another resource (an export, an event or message handler in another resource) now run when that call returns, as they do in Node. Before, they waited for the runtime's next server tick (~16 ms at 60 Hz), and in a resource with no timers or sockets they could wait forever.asyncexport, aMessages.requestreply) now settles and runs its continuations within the call that produced the settlement instead of one to two ticks later. mysql2's idle pool, which hands out connections throughnextTick, answers at once.nextTickcallbacks reach the resource's error handling (errorBehavior) as the call that queued them returns, or at the next tick for a call made through raw V8, instead of whenever unrelated I/O next ran a Node callback. A resource with no timers or sockets that silently left a rejected promise behind is now reported, and stopped undererrorBehavior: stop.EngineScope(or run scripts throughEngine::Execute). A call made with only V8's own scopes andv8::Function::Callhas no Node callback scope: what it queues waits for the runtime's next tick, or for the next scoped call into it to return. Seedocs/scripting_resource_isolation.md.Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
process.nextTickand promises now run at the expected time when framework calls return, with nested calls draining queued work after the outer call completes.Documentation