youknowone · Oct 8, 2026 · Oct 8, 2026 · coderabbitai · Oct 8, 2026
diff --git a/crates/vm/src/builtins/builtin_func.rs b/crates/vm/src/builtins/builtin_func.rs
@@ -233,16 +233,20 @@ impl PyNativeFunction {
     }
 }
 
-// PyCMethodObject in CPython
-#[pyclass(name = "builtin_function_or_method", module = false, base = PyNativeFunction, ctx = "builtin_function_or_method_type")]
+// Bound METH_METHOD object. The payload starts with PyNativeFunction so it can
+// be read as a builtin function. The Python type is `builtin_method`.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[pyclass(
+    name = "builtin_method",
+    module = false,
+    base = PyNativeFunction,
+    ctx = "builtin_method_type"
+)]
 pub struct PyNativeMethod {
     pub(crate) func: PyNativeFunction,
-    pub(crate) class: &'static Py<PyType>, // TODO: the actual life is &'self
+    pub(crate) class: &'static Py<PyType>,
 }
 
-// All Python-visible behavior (getters, slots) is registered by PyNativeFunction::extend_class.
-// PyNativeMethod only extends the Rust-side struct with the defining class reference.
-// The func field at offset 0 (#[repr(C)]) allows NativeFunctionOrMethod to read it safely.
 #[pyclass(flags(HAS_WEAKREF, DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION))]
 impl PyNativeMethod {}
 
@@ -296,6 +300,7 @@ pub(crate) fn init(context: &'static Context) {
         .slots
         .vectorcall
         .store(Some(vectorcall_native_function));
+    PyNativeMethod::extend_class(context, context.types.builtin_method_type);
 }
 
 /// Wrapper that provides access to the common PyNativeFunction data
@@ -306,12 +311,59 @@ impl TryFromObject for NativeFunctionOrMethod {
     fn try_from_object(vm: &VirtualMachine, obj: PyObjectRef) -> PyResult<Self> {
         let class = vm.ctx.types.builtin_function_or_method_type;
         if obj.fast_isinstance(class) {
-            // Both PyNativeFunction and PyNativeMethod share the same type now.
-            // PyNativeMethod has `func: PyNativeFunction` as its first field,
-            // so we can safely treat the data pointer as PyNativeFunction for reading.
+            // `builtin_method` is a subclass; the payload starts with PyNativeFunction.
             Ok(Self(unsafe { obj.downcast_unchecked() }))
         } else {
             Err(vm.new_downcast_type_error(class, &obj))
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        Interpreter, PyObjectRef,
+        function::{PyMethodDef, PyMethodFlags},
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn builtin_method_is_subclass_of_builtin_function() {
+        Interpreter::without_stdlib(Default::default()).enter(|vm| {
+            let function_type = vm.ctx.types.builtin_function_or_method_type;
+            let method_type = vm.ctx.types.builtin_method_type;
+            assert!(!function_type.is(method_type));
+            assert_eq!(&*function_type.name(), "builtin_function_or_method");
+            assert_eq!(&*method_type.name(), "builtin_method");
+            assert!(method_type.fast_issubclass(function_type));
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bound_instance_method_uses_function_type() {
+        fn identity(value: PyObjectRef) -> PyObjectRef {
+            value
+        }
+        const DEF: PyMethodDef = PyMethodDef::new_const(
+            "identity",
+            identity,
+            PyMethodFlags::METHOD,
+            crate::function::ItemDoc::NONE,
+        );
+
+        Interpreter::without_stdlib(Default::default()).enter(|vm| {
+            let bound = DEF.build_bound_function(&vm.ctx, vm.ctx.none());
+            assert!(
+                bound
+                    .class()
+                    .is(vm.ctx.types.builtin_function_or_method_type)
+            );
+            assert!(!bound.as_object().downcastable::<PyNativeMethod>());
+
+            let method = DEF.build_bound_method(&vm.ctx, vm.ctx.none(), vm.ctx.types.object_type);
+            assert!(method.class().is(vm.ctx.types.builtin_method_type));
+            assert!(method.as_object().downcastable::<PyNativeFunction>());
+            assert!(method.as_object().downcastable::<PyNativeMethod>());
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/vm/src/builtins/descriptor.rs b/crates/vm/src/builtins/descriptor.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::{PyStr, PyStrInterned, PyTuple, PyType};
 use crate::{
     AsObject, Context, Py, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyPayload, PyRef, PyResult, VirtualMachine,
-    builtins::{PyTypeRef, builtin_func::PyNativeMethod, type_},
+    builtins::{PyTypeRef, builtin_func::PyNativeFunction, type_},
     class::PyClassImpl,
     common::hash::PyHash,
     convert::{ToPyObject, ToPyResult},
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ impl Callable for PyMethodDescriptor {
 }
 
 impl PyMethodDescriptor {
-    pub fn bind(&self, obj: PyObjectRef, ctx: &Context) -> PyRef<PyNativeMethod> {
-        self.method.build_bound_method(ctx, obj, self.common.typ)
+    pub fn bind(&self, obj: PyObjectRef, ctx: &Context) -> PyRef<PyNativeFunction> {
+        self.method.build_bound_function(ctx, obj)
     }
 }
 
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ impl PyClassMethodDescriptor {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn bind(&self, obj: PyObjectRef, ctx: &Context) -> PyRef<PyNativeMethod> {
-        self.method.build_bound_method(ctx, obj, self.common.typ)
+    pub fn bind(&self, obj: PyObjectRef, ctx: &Context) -> PyRef<PyNativeFunction> {
+        self.method.build_bound_function(ctx, obj)
     }
 }
 

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/class.rs b/crates/vm/src/class.rs
@@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ pub trait PyClassImpl: PyClassDef {
                 && object_new.is_some_and(|obj_new| fn_addr(slot_new) == fn_addr(obj_new));
 
             if !is_inherited_from_object {
-                let bound_new =
-                    ctx.slot_new_wrapper
-                        .build_bound_method(ctx, class.to_owned().into(), class);
+                let bound_new = ctx
+                    .slot_new_wrapper
+                    .build_bound_function(ctx, class.to_owned().into());
                 class.set_attr(identifier!(ctx, __new__), bound_new.into());
             }
         }

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/function/method.rs b/crates/vm/src/function/method.rs
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ impl PyMethodDef {
     ) -> PyRef<PyNativeMethod> {
         PyRef::new_ref(
             self.to_bound_method(obj, class),
-            ctx.types.builtin_function_or_method_type.to_owned(),
+            ctx.types.builtin_method_type.to_owned(),
             None,
         )
     }
@@ -267,18 +267,10 @@ impl PyMethodDef {
         &'static self,
         ctx: &Context,
         class: &'static Py<PyType>,
-    ) -> PyRef<PyNativeMethod> {
+    ) -> PyRef<PyNativeFunction> {
         debug_assert!(self.flags.contains(PyMethodFlags::STATIC));
-        // Set zelf to the class (m_self = type for static methods).
-        // Callable::call skips prepending when STATIC flag is set.
-        let func = PyNativeFunction {
-            zelf: Some(class.to_owned().into()),
-            value: self,
-            module_object: None,
-            module: crate::object::PyAtomicRef::new_empty(),
-            _method_def_owner: None,
-        };
-        PyNativeMethod { func, class }.into_ref(ctx)
+        // m_self is the type; STATIC skips prepending it on call.
+        self.build_bound_function(ctx, class.to_owned().into())
     }
 
     /// Concatenate method groups. A pending body is copied from `docs`, then cleared.

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/types/zoo.rs b/crates/vm/src/types/zoo.rs
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl TypeZoo {
         let weakref_type = weakref::PyWeak::init_manually(hierarchy.weakref_type);
         let int_type = int::PyInt::init_builtin_type();
 
-        // builtin_function_or_method and builtin_method share the same type (CPython behavior)
+        // `builtin_method` is a subclass and is initialized once this base exists.
         let builtin_function_or_method_type = builtin_func::PyNativeFunction::init_builtin_type();
 
         let types = Self {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl TypeZoo {
             anext_awaitable: asyncgenerator::PyAnextAwaitable::init_builtin_type(),
             bound_method_type: function::PyBoundMethod::init_builtin_type(),
             builtin_function_or_method_type,
-            builtin_method_type: builtin_function_or_method_type,
+            builtin_method_type: builtin_func::PyNativeMethod::init_builtin_type(),
             bytearray_iterator_type: bytearray::PyByteArrayIterator::init_builtin_type(),
             bytes_iterator_type: bytes::PyBytesIterator::init_builtin_type(),
             callable_iterator: iter::PyCallableIterator::init_builtin_type(),

diff --git a/extra_tests/snippets/builtin_type.py b/extra_tests/snippets/builtin_type.py
@@ -654,7 +654,12 @@ def my_repr_func():
 
 
 # https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython/issues/3100
+assert types.BuiltinMethodType is types.BuiltinFunctionType
 assert issubclass(types.BuiltinMethodType, types.BuiltinFunctionType)
+assert type(len) is types.BuiltinFunctionType
+assert type([].append) is types.BuiltinFunctionType
+assert type([].append).__name__ == "builtin_function_or_method"
+assert type(len).__name__ == "builtin_function_or_method"
 
 assert type.__dict__["__dict__"].__objclass__ is type
 assert (