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perf(dory): cyclotomic GT exponentiation and GT multi-exponentiation - #2174
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Point dory-pcs at a16z/dory#36, pinned by git rev until a dory-pcs release includes it. ArkGT scaling there uses cyclotomic exponentiation, and the Dory verifier's multi-term GT updates use the new PairingCurve::gt_msm, which shares one cyclotomic squaring chain across all terms. DoryScheme::combine uses gt_msm for the commitment combination, and Bn254GT::scalar_mul/msm use cyclotomic_exp instead of Fq12::pow. Cyclotomic arithmetic is valid only in the cyclotomic subgroup, so remove Bn254GT's unchecked From<Fq12>, which had no callers. Every Bn254GT is now a pairing output, a product of them, or subgroup-checked on deserialization. Single-threaded verification of fib at 2^16 drops from 1.222B to 0.483B instructions retired (Callgrind, -60%). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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📏 PR diffNote Actual code changed: 27 lines🟢 +12 added 🔴 −15 removed Tests, docs, fixtures, and helper scripts excluded.
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Benchmark comparison (crates)Same-runner A/B: 2 of 92 benchmarks differ by more than ±10%:
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quangvdao
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Drops challenge_short_scalar, challenge_bits_for_loss, the Dory loss table and its burst test, and the exact dory-pcs pin. Curve verifier time is not a priority, and #2174's Dory verifier optimizations more than offset the cost.
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…2110) * feat(transcript)!: one sealed transcript over spongefish 0.8 states Replaces the transcript stack (J1-J9) with its final form in one change. - jolt-transcript: a sealed Transcript/FieldTranscript over spongefish ProverState/VerifierState. Absorbs are positional and word-aligned with no labels; sessions are 32-byte protocol tags and a SHAKE128 session id; bound digests are SHA3-256 (Keccak-256 behind `keccak256-digests`). - Challenges: full-width BN254 scalars; Dory's group-scalar challenges are short, sized from their loss. - Proof-of-work mechanism only (no protocol site uses it yet): one u64 nonce word, MAX_POW_BITS = 57, difficulty priced from the challenge-set size, and a sequential search through an owned `verifier_message_oracle`. - Sumcheck, openings, Dory, HyperKZG, Akita, BlindFold, the verifier and prover, SDK, examples, jolt-eval and fuzz targets run on it. - Akita grouped statements carry a role code for main's fused-increment group. - FS inventories re-blessed; verifier fuzz bundles regenerated. * chore(jolt-eval): drop rayon from jolt-transcript in the fuzz lockfile * ci: fix the Rust workflow's duplicated run key Merging main left the old jolt-sumcheck command under the new "Test jolt-blindfold with its prover" step, so the step had two run keys and GitHub rejected the whole workflow without running it. Also drop the removed jolt-transcript parallel feature from the every-sponge test and update the clippy comment that referred to it. * docs(transcript): spec and book chapter for the sealed spongefish transcript * style: import Ordering, Encoding and Transcript; allow hex "ba" in Rust * docs(transcript): scope the Fiat-Shamir chapter by configuration and enforcement * test: end the misaligned-access assert with a semicolon * refactor(transcript)!: draw Dory's challenges full width Drops challenge_short_scalar, challenge_bits_for_loss, the Dory loss table and its burst test, and the exact dory-pcs pin. Curve verifier time is not a priority, and #2174's Dory verifier optimizations more than offset the cost. * test: re-bless FS inventories and regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test(verifier): bump FIXTURE_MAGIC for the new proof format Every transcript byte changes in this PR, but the cached verifier fixtures kept JVCF0008, the value main writes, and cached fixtures load without an acceptance check. JVCF0011 is unused by any branch (#2137 uses JVCF0010). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * test(field): check the Solinas word fold against big-integer reduction The oracle was a test-only copy of the byte-at-a-time fold that the word fold replaced. Compare with num-bigint `% p` instead, as bn254_differential.rs does. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * style(verifier): drop a duplicated cfg on Stage8BatchEntry Left behind when the LabelWithCount import was removed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * refactor(sumcheck): delete the test-only CompressedRoundPoly wrapper Production absorbs compressed rounds through append_compressed_round and verifies them with CompressedSumcheckProof. The wrapper had no production caller and carried its own compressed-round checks. honest_prove_compressed and the compressed roundtrip now absorb through append_compressed_round and verify a CompressedSumcheckProof against the polynomial's evaluation. The tests that only exercised the wrapper are removed, and the FS absorb inventory loses the wrapper's site. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(sumcheck)!: bind the committed output-claim count The committed sumcheck's output-claim commitments were absorbed with no count, so a public caller that accepted any count could move a commitment across the message boundary without changing a challenge. Absorb the count as a u64 word ahead of the commitments, as main's LabelWithCount did. * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles --------- Co-authored-by: Michael Zhu <mchl.zhu.96@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
quangvdao
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…ites (#2108) * feat(transcript)!: one sealed transcript over spongefish 0.8 states Replaces the transcript stack (J1-J9) with its final form in one change. - jolt-transcript: a sealed Transcript/FieldTranscript over spongefish ProverState/VerifierState. Absorbs are positional and word-aligned with no labels; sessions are 32-byte protocol tags and a SHAKE128 session id; bound digests are SHA3-256 (Keccak-256 behind `keccak256-digests`). - Challenges: full-width BN254 scalars; Dory's group-scalar challenges are short, sized from their loss. - Proof-of-work mechanism only (no protocol site uses it yet): one u64 nonce word, MAX_POW_BITS = 57, difficulty priced from the challenge-set size, and a sequential search through an owned `verifier_message_oracle`. - Sumcheck, openings, Dory, HyperKZG, Akita, BlindFold, the verifier and prover, SDK, examples, jolt-eval and fuzz targets run on it. - Akita grouped statements carry a role code for main's fused-increment group. - FS inventories re-blessed; verifier fuzz bundles regenerated. * chore(jolt-eval): drop rayon from jolt-transcript in the fuzz lockfile * feat(transcript): proof of work before short challenges at protocol sites Grinds where a challenge set is too small for SECURITY_BITS on its own, which today is only the 128-bit Akita field; BN254 sites cost 0 bits and carry no nonces. - Sumcheck rounds: each clear round is priced at its degree bound and its nonce rides in the clear proof. Committed (ZK) sumchecks and BlindFold carry none and require a challenge set wide enough to need none. - Stage-level bursts (stage 1 tau, stages 1-7, stage-2 tau_high, Akita stage-8 selectors) share one flat loss, SITE_LOSS = 1023: 10 bits over the Akita field, about 4.5x the worst-case burst. Nonces live in `StagePowNonces`; a site the verifier skips must hold none. - Verifier fuzz bundles regenerated. * ci: fix the Rust workflow's duplicated run key Merging main left the old jolt-sumcheck command under the new "Test jolt-blindfold with its prover" step, so the step had two run keys and GitHub rejected the whole workflow without running it. Also drop the removed jolt-transcript parallel feature from the every-sponge test and update the clippy comment that referred to it. * docs(transcript): spec and book chapter for the sealed spongefish transcript * docs(transcript): describe the proof-of-work sites * style: import Ordering, Encoding and Transcript; allow hex "ba" in Rust * style: import PowSite in stage 8 * docs(transcript): scope the Fiat-Shamir chapter by configuration and enforcement * test: end the misaligned-access assert with a semicolon * refactor(transcript)!: draw Dory's challenges full width Drops challenge_short_scalar, challenge_bits_for_loss, the Dory loss table and its burst test, and the exact dory-pcs pin. Curve verifier time is not a priority, and #2174's Dory verifier optimizations more than offset the cost. * test: re-bless FS inventories and regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test(verifier): bump FIXTURE_MAGIC for the new proof format Every transcript byte changes in this PR, but the cached verifier fixtures kept JVCF0008, the value main writes, and cached fixtures load without an acceptance check. JVCF0011 is unused by any branch (#2137 uses JVCF0010). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * test(field): check the Solinas word fold against big-integer reduction The oracle was a test-only copy of the byte-at-a-time fold that the word fold replaced. Compare with num-bigint `% p` instead, as bn254_differential.rs does. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * style(verifier): drop a duplicated cfg on Stage8BatchEntry Left behind when the LabelWithCount import was removed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * refactor(sumcheck): delete the test-only CompressedRoundPoly wrapper Production absorbs compressed rounds through append_compressed_round and verifies them with CompressedSumcheckProof. The wrapper had no production caller and carried its own compressed-round checks. honest_prove_compressed and the compressed roundtrip now absorb through append_compressed_round and verify a CompressedSumcheckProof against the polynomial's evaluation. The tests that only exercised the wrapper are removed, and the FS absorb inventory loses the wrapper's site. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * test: re-bless FS inventories and regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * fix(sumcheck)!: bind the committed output-claim count The committed sumcheck's output-claim commitments were absorbed with no count, so a public caller that accepted any count could move a commitment across the message boundary without changing a challenge. Absorb the count as a u64 word ahead of the commitments, as main's LabelWithCount did. * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles --------- Co-authored-by: Michael Zhu <mchl.zhu.96@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Main bumped dory-pcs to the 0.5.0 release (#2236), which includes a16z/dory#36. Take main's version dependency and lockfiles in place of this branch's git-rev pin. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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…2111) * feat(transcript)!: one sealed transcript over spongefish 0.8 states Replaces the transcript stack (J1-J9) with its final form in one change. - jolt-transcript: a sealed Transcript/FieldTranscript over spongefish ProverState/VerifierState. Absorbs are positional and word-aligned with no labels; sessions are 32-byte protocol tags and a SHAKE128 session id; bound digests are SHA3-256 (Keccak-256 behind `keccak256-digests`). - Challenges: full-width BN254 scalars; Dory's group-scalar challenges are short, sized from their loss. - Proof-of-work mechanism only (no protocol site uses it yet): one u64 nonce word, MAX_POW_BITS = 57, difficulty priced from the challenge-set size, and a sequential search through an owned `verifier_message_oracle`. - Sumcheck, openings, Dory, HyperKZG, Akita, BlindFold, the verifier and prover, SDK, examples, jolt-eval and fuzz targets run on it. - Akita grouped statements carry a role code for main's fused-increment group. - FS inventories re-blessed; verifier fuzz bundles regenerated. * chore(jolt-eval): drop rayon from jolt-transcript in the fuzz lockfile * feat(akita): run Akita's opening inside Jolt's Fiat-Shamir sponge (J8) Jolt's trace batch now runs Akita's argument on Jolt's own transcript state instead of bridging to a standalone Akita session: Akita binds its instance descriptor and writes its messages into Jolt's argument string, and the verifier checks end-of-string once, after the opening. - jolt-openings: GroupBatchOpening carries the grouped prove/verify entry points on the concrete spongefish states, with a PendingEof the verifier hands back for check_eof. - jolt-akita: the trace batch calls batched_prove_embedded / batched_verify_embedded. append_verifier_setup, append_batch_statement and bridged_akita_session go away; Akita's descriptor binds the setup, schedule row and layout. A trace-batch proof that also carries a standalone backend proof is rejected. The generic BatchOpeningScheme and single-polynomial paths still run Akita standalone. - Schedule catalogs regenerated for Akita's descriptor v6 (epoch 6). - jolt-prover / jolt-verifier stage 8 pass the state through, and the FS inventories are re-blessed. The Akita pin in Cargo.toml is a placeholder (Akita main) until LayerZero-Labs/akita#254 lands; see the TODO there. * chore(akita): pin Akita to #254's head 4fba41edb The Akita stack merged main (#212, #213, #223), dropped an unused dev-dependency, kept the transcript event log across fold previews and regenerated its planner-cost snapshots. Akita's own schedule catalogs are unchanged. * ci: fix the Rust workflow's duplicated run key Merging main left the old jolt-sumcheck command under the new "Test jolt-blindfold with its prover" step, so the step had two run keys and GitHub rejected the whole workflow without running it. Also drop the removed jolt-transcript parallel feature from the every-sponge test and update the clippy comment that referred to it. * docs(transcript): spec and book chapter for the sealed spongefish transcript * docs(transcript): Akita's opening runs in Jolt's sponge * style: import Ordering, Encoding and Transcript; allow hex "ba" in Rust * style: use the imported protocol_tag in Akita's batching tests * docs(transcript): scope the Fiat-Shamir chapter by configuration and enforcement * test: end the misaligned-access assert with a semicolon * refactor(transcript)!: draw Dory's challenges full width Drops challenge_short_scalar, challenge_bits_for_loss, the Dory loss table and its burst test, and the exact dory-pcs pin. Curve verifier time is not a priority, and #2174's Dory verifier optimizations more than offset the cost. * test: re-bless FS inventories and regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test(verifier): bump FIXTURE_MAGIC for the new proof format Every transcript byte changes in this PR, but the cached verifier fixtures kept JVCF0008, the value main writes, and cached fixtures load without an acceptance check. JVCF0011 is unused by any branch (#2137 uses JVCF0010). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * test(field): check the Solinas word fold against big-integer reduction The oracle was a test-only copy of the byte-at-a-time fold that the word fold replaced. Compare with num-bigint `% p` instead, as bn254_differential.rs does. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * style(verifier): drop a duplicated cfg on Stage8BatchEntry Left behind when the LabelWithCount import was removed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * refactor(sumcheck): delete the test-only CompressedRoundPoly wrapper Production absorbs compressed rounds through append_compressed_round and verifies them with CompressedSumcheckProof. The wrapper had no production caller and carried its own compressed-round checks. honest_prove_compressed and the compressed roundtrip now absorb through append_compressed_round and verify a CompressedSumcheckProof against the polynomial's evaluation. The tests that only exercised the wrapper are removed, and the FS absorb inventory loses the wrapper's site. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * test: re-bless FS inventories and regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * fix(sumcheck)!: bind the committed output-claim count The committed sumcheck's output-claim commitments were absorbed with no count, so a public caller that accepted any count could move a commitment across the message boundary without changing a challenge. Absorb the count as a u64 word ahead of the commitments, as main's LabelWithCount did. * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * test: regenerate verifier fuzz bundles * chore(deps): pin Akita to the stack tip * test(fuzz): regenerate zk verifier bundles on merged main * chore(deps): pin Akita to the corrected stack tip * chore(deps): pin Akita to the merged stack tip 9f8ad8a91 * fix(jolt-akita): pin the K=256 one-hot chunk size and regenerate schedules Akita #258 switched DEFAULT_UNIT_ONEHOT_SOURCE_CHUNK_SIZE to 16. JoltOneHotK256Direct inherited it through OneHot's committed_source_class, so K=256 rows were priced for one hot position per 16 coefficients and the backend rejected Jolt's K=256 sources. Declare the class explicitly, as the K=16 policy already does, and regenerate every catalog at the new pin. * test(jolt-verifier): regenerate fuzz bundles and the FS inventory The clear bundles came from main under its transcript; regenerate them on the merged tree. The inventory records the SetupPolicy argument now passed to batched_verify_embedded. * test(jolt-transcript): gate the whole-word absorb helper with its caller append_values_matches_per_value_absorbs and the Encoding import were compiled, unused, under feature sets without solinas and bn254. * style(recursion): taplo-format the guest hash-inlines feature * fix(akita): address review of the embedded Akita opening - book: name the pinned Akita revision (8d5821f45), not 9f8ad8a91, which is not an ancestor of the pin; same for the policy-spec link. - book: Akita's sparse ring challenges are drawn on Jolt's sponge, so "every challenge on Jolt's transcript is full width" is now scoped to Jolt's own draws. - jolt-transcript: the `prover-grinding` comment said verifier builds leave `yolocrypto` off; every Akita build has it through akita-prover. - profile: the trace batch's `backend_proof` is always empty, so the Akita size telemetry reported 0. Report the argument-string size and drop the callerless `AkitaBatchProof::unframed_payload_size`. Document that `backend_proof` is empty for the trace batch. - recursion: `tamper-opening` flipped a byte of the empty `backend_proof` and panicked; it now flips the argument string's last byte, which is Akita's. Drop the guest's dead BLAKE2b jolt-transcript edge and the host's unused Keccak inline registration. - jolt-verifier: `Stage8Output` is gated off the Akita build, where it had only a never-constructed variant. Document that the Akita stage-8 `verify` and `GroupBatchOpening::verify_batch` return before acceptance. - FS scanner: only `batched_verify_embedded` leaves the scanned crates. `verify_batch` calls between scanned crates and `check_eof` were recorded as absorb and challenge sites; re-bless drops those 10 entries. - tests: `akita_schedule_selection_tampers_reject` covers the selection on the embedded path (flipped digests and other fixtures' valid rows); `proof.narg` joins the tamper manifest; the streamed-batch comment no longer claims the setup-mismatch cases reach Akita's descriptor. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Michael Zhu <mchl.zhu.96@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Co-authored-by: sumchecker <241190306+sumchecker@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Markos Georghiades <mgeorghiades@a16z.com>
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Summary
ArkGTwith cyclotomic exponentiation and addsPairingCurve::gt_msm, which shares one cyclotomic squaring chain across all terms. The Dory verifier usesgt_msmfor its per-round C/D₁/D₂ updates and for the final check. It shipped in dory-pcs 0.5.0, which main picked up in chore(deps): bump dory-pcs to 0.5.0 #2236, so this PR no longer changes the dependency or lockfiles.DoryScheme::combinenow usesgt_msm(41 commitments at fib 2^16) instead of one exponentiation per commitment.Bn254GT::scalar_mulandmsmusecyclotomic_expinstead of the genericFq12::pow.Bn254GT's public, uncheckedFrom<Fq12>. It had no callers, and it was the only public way to build aBn254GToutside GT, where cyclotomic arithmetic gives wrong results.Group results are unchanged, so proofs are byte-identical, with no wire or transcript change.
Impact
Instructions retired under Callgrind, for
jolt_verifier::verifyonly, single-threaded, fib. Themaincolumn is main before #2236, so the totals include the dory#36 savings that have since landed on main; on current main,combinestill scales each commitment separately (the 197.0 M figure), and this PR'sgt_msmbrings it to 57.0 M.DoryScheme::verifyDoryScheme::combineNative single-threaded verify at 2^16 went from about 142 ms to 49–64 ms (a noisy measurement).
The measurement harness is not part of this PR. It wraps the single-threaded
verifyinprofile.rs measure_verifierwith Callgrind client requests and runs with--instr-atstart=no.Soundness
Cyclotomic squaring, and conjugation as the inverse, are valid only in the cyclotomic subgroup of Fq12, which contains GT. Every GT element exponentiated here is one of:
ArkGTdeserialization subgroup-checks (dory Reorganize file structure #22);Bn254GTdeserialization subgroup-checks.With
From<Fq12>removed,Bn254GThas no unchecked public constructor.Test plan
cargo fmt --checkcargo clippy --all --features hostandhost,zk, with--all-targets -D warningscargo nextest run -p jolt-crypto -p jolt-dory: 125/125prover-fixtures): 10/10prover-fixtures,zk): 10/10standard_muldivscripts/fuzz.py check --resolve, plus the jolt-dory fuzz buildscripts/check_style_invariants.pyFollow-ups (not in this PR)
ArkG2::scale, which bypassesJoltG2Routines' GLV path.Fq12::powwith a 254-bit exponent, roughly 100 elements per proof. The figures above don't include them.🤖 Generated with Claude Code