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[ty] Require both `*args` and `**kwargs` when calling a `ParamSpec` callable by charliermarsh · Pull Request #22820 · astral-sh/ruff · GitHub
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[ty] Require both *args and **kwargs when calling a ParamSpec callable - #22820

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charlie/ps
Jan 23, 2026
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Summary

Closes astral-sh/ty#2601.

@charliermarsh charliermarsh added the ty The ty type checker label Jan 23, 2026
@charliermarsh
charliermarsh marked this pull request as ready for review January 23, 2026 02:14
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astral-sh-bot Bot commented Jan 23, 2026 •

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Typing conformance results

No changes detected ✅

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astral-sh-bot Bot commented Jan 23, 2026 •

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mypy_primer results

Changes were detected when running on open source projects
optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
- optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:134:36: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
- Found 580 diagnostics
+ Found 579 diagnostics

prefect (https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect)
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:94:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `dict[str, Any] | int | dict[Any, Any] | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:99:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `int | dict[Any, Any] | float | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:86:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `dict[str, Any] | int | dict[Any, Any] | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:87:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `int | dict[Any, Any] | float | ... omitted 3 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
- src/prefect/deployments/runner.py:795:70: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__name__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | (((...) -> Any) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object))`
+ src/prefect/deployments/runner.py:795:70: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__name__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | ((...) -> Any)`
+ src/prefect/deployments/steps/core.py:137:38: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Argument type `dict[str, Any] | int | dict[Any, Any] | ... omitted 4 union elements` does not satisfy constraints (`str`, `int`, `int | float`, `bool`, `dict[Any, Any]`, `list[Any]`, `None`) of type variable `T`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:989:32: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | R@FlowRunEngine | Coroutine[Any, Any, R@FlowRunEngine]` is not awaitable
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1580:24: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | R@AsyncFlowRunEngine | Coroutine[Any, Any, R@AsyncFlowRunEngine]` is not awaitable
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1661:43: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `next` is incorrect: Expected `SupportsNext[Unknown]`, found `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_sync`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1669:21: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `throw` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_sync`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1703:44: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__anext__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_async`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1710:25: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `throw` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_async`
- src/prefect/flows.py:286:34: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `((**P@Flow) -> R@Flow) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object)` has no attribute `__name__`
+ src/prefect/flows.py:286:34: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `(**P@Flow) -> R@Flow` has no attribute `__name__`
- src/prefect/flows.py:404:68: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `((**P@Flow) -> R@Flow) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object)` has no attribute `__name__`
+ src/prefect/flows.py:404:68: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `(**P@Flow) -> R@Flow` has no attribute `__name__`
- src/prefect/flows.py:1749:53: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
+ src/prefect/flows.py:1809:21: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `run_coro_as_sync` matches arguments
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:320:13: error[invalid-assignment] Invalid subscript assignment with key of type `object` and value of type `Unknown | dict[str, Any]` on object of type `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:320:13: error[invalid-assignment] Invalid subscript assignment with key of type `object` and value of type `dict[str, Any] | int | Unknown | ... omitted 4 union elements` on object of type `dict[str, Any]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:323:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`, found `list[Unknown | dict[str, Any]]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:323:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`, found `list[Unknown | dict[str, Any] | int | ... omitted 4 union elements]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:437:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `dict[object, Unknown]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:437:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `dict[object, Unknown | int | float | ... omitted 4 union elements]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:442:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `list[Unknown]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:442:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `list[Unknown | int | float | ... omitted 4 union elements]`
- src/prefect/workers/base.py:232:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Argument type `str | dict[str, Any]` does not satisfy constraints (`str`, `int`, `int | float`, `bool`, `dict[Any, Any]`, `list[Any]`, `None`) of type variable `T`
+ src/prefect/workers/base.py:232:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Argument type `dict[str, Any] | int | str | ... omitted 3 union elements` does not satisfy constraints (`str`, `int`, `int | float`, `bool`, `dict[Any, Any]`, `list[Any]`, `None`) of type variable `T`
+ src/prefect/workers/base.py:234:20: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument expression after ** must be a mapping type: Found `int | Unknown | float | ... omitted 4 union elements`
- Found 5351 diagnostics
+ Found 5363 diagnostics

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/frame/test_groupby.py:229:15: error[type-assertion-failure] Type `Series[Any]` does not match asserted type `Series[str | bytes | int | ... omitted 12 union elements]`
+ tests/frame/test_groupby.py:625:15: error[type-assertion-failure] Type `Series[Any]` does not match asserted type `Series[str | bytes | int | ... omitted 12 union elements]`
- Found 4411 diagnostics
+ Found 4413 diagnostics

rotki (https://github.com/rotki/rotki)
+ rotkehlchen/chain/decoding/tools.py:96:44: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
- rotkehlchen/chain/decoding/tools.py:97:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `decode_transfer_direction` is incorrect: Expected `BTCAddress | ChecksumAddress | SubstrateAddress | SolanaAddress`, found `A@BaseDecoderTools`
+ rotkehlchen/chain/decoding/tools.py:99:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `decode_transfer_direction` is incorrect: Expected `Sequence[A@BaseDecoderTools]`, found `Unknown | tuple[BTCAddress, ...] | tuple[ChecksumAddress, ...] | tuple[SubstrateAddress, ...] | tuple[SolanaAddress, ...]`
- rotkehlchen/chain/decoding/tools.py:98:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `decode_transfer_direction` is incorrect: Expected `BTCAddress | ChecksumAddress | SubstrateAddress | SolanaAddress | None`, found `A@BaseDecoderTools | None`
+ rotkehlchen/chain/decoding/tools.py:100:62: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
- Found 2049 diagnostics
+ Found 2050 diagnostics

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
- homeassistant/util/variance.py:47:12: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `(**_P@ignore_variance) -> _R@ignore_variance`, found `_Wrapped[_P@ignore_variance, int | _R@ignore_variance | float | datetime, _P@ignore_variance, _R@ignore_variance | int | float | datetime]`
- Found 14468 diagnostics
+ Found 14467 diagnostics

No memory usage changes detected ✅

@dhruvmanila dhruvmanila left a comment

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This looks good!

I think we should improve the diagnostic because it might be confusing as to why is **kwargs or *args required in some cases and not in other cases. Maybe, we could add a sub-diagnostic to explain that it's required because of the ParamSpec defined in the parameters, highlighting the *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs in the function definition.

Another option would be have ParamSpec specific message like "No arguments provided for ParamSpec P@f".

charliermarsh and others added 2 commits January 23, 2026 09:28
When a ParamSpec callable is called without the required `*args` or
`**kwargs`, the error message now includes a sub-diagnostic explaining
why these arguments are required. This addresses reviewer feedback
from PR #22820 about making it clearer why these parameters are
required in some cases and not in others.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@charliermarsh
charliermarsh enabled auto-merge (squash) January 23, 2026 14:41
@charliermarsh
charliermarsh merged commit 97f63c1 into main Jan 23, 2026
48 checks passed
@charliermarsh
charliermarsh deleted the charlie/ps branch January 23, 2026 14:45
carljm added a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 30, 2026
* main: (62 commits)
  [`refurb`] Do not add `abc.ABC` if already present (`FURB180`) (#22234)
  [ty] Add a new `assert-type-unspellable-subtype` diagnostic (#22815)
  [ty] Avoid duplicate syntax errors for `await` outside functions (#22826)
  [ty] Fix unary operator false-positive for constrained TypeVars (#22783)
  [ty] Fix binary operator false-positive for constrained TypeVars (#22782)
  [ty] Fix false-positive `unsupported-operator` for "symmetric" TypeVars (#22756)
  [`pydocstyle`] Clarify which quote styles are allowed (`D300`) (#22825)
  [ty] Use distributed versions of AND and OR on constraint sets (#22614)
  [ty] Add support for dict literals and dict() calls as default values for parameters with TypedDict types (#22161)
  Document `-` stdin convention in CLI help text (#22817)
  [ty] Make `infer_subscript_expression_types` a method on `Type` (#22731)
  [ty] Simplify `OverloadLiteral::spans` and `OverloadLiteral::parameter_span` (#22823)
  [ty] Require both `*args` and `**kwargs` when calling a `ParamSpec` callable (#22820)
  [ty] Handle tagged errors in conformance (#22746)
  Add `--color` cli option to force colored output (#22806)
  Identify notebooks by LSP didOpen instead of `.ipynb` file extension (#22810)
  [ty] Fix docstring rendering for literal blocks after doctests (#22676)
  [ty] Update salsa to fix out-of-order query validation (#22498)
  [ty] Inline cycle initial and recovery functions (#22814)
  [ty] Pass the generic context through the decorator (#22544)
  ...
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Arguments to Callables with ParamSpec not being checked in some cases

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