surbhigarg92 · Apr 23, 2025 · Apr 14, 2025 · Apr 15, 2025 · Apr 16, 2025 · Apr 16, 2025
@@ -758,6 +758,13 @@
     <method>boolean isEnableGRPCBuiltInMetrics()</method>
   </difference>
 
+  <!-- Added AFE Server Timing option -->
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/SpannerOptions$SpannerEnvironment</className>
+    <method>boolean isEnableAFEServerTiming()</method>
+  </difference>
+
   <!-- Added Monitoring host option -->
   <difference>
     <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
@@ -899,7 +906,7 @@
     <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/Connection</className>
     <method>java.lang.String getDefaultSequenceKind()</method>
   </difference>
-  
+
   <!-- Default isolation level -->
   <difference>
     <differenceType>7012</differenceType>

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.InstrumentType;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.View;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -39,6 +40,9 @@ public class BuiltInMetricsConstant {
   static final String SPANNER_METER_NAME = "spanner-java";
   static final String GRPC_METER_NAME = "grpc-java";
   static final String GFE_LATENCIES_NAME = "gfe_latencies";
+  static final String AFE_LATENCIES_NAME = "afe_latencies";
+  static final String GFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME = "gfe_connectivity_error_count";
+  static final String AFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME = "afe_connectivity_error_count";
   static final String OPERATION_LATENCIES_NAME = "operation_latencies";
   static final String ATTEMPT_LATENCIES_NAME = "attempt_latencies";
   static final String OPERATION_LATENCY_NAME = "operation_latency";
@@ -52,7 +56,10 @@ public class BuiltInMetricsConstant {
               ATTEMPT_LATENCIES_NAME,
               OPERATION_COUNT_NAME,
               ATTEMPT_COUNT_NAME,
-              GFE_LATENCIES_NAME)
+              GFE_LATENCIES_NAME,
+              AFE_LATENCIES_NAME,
+              GFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME,
+              AFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME)
           .stream()
           .map(m -> METER_NAME + '/' + m)
           .collect(Collectors.toSet());
@@ -110,14 +117,14 @@ public class BuiltInMetricsConstant {
   static final Set<String> GRPC_LB_RLS_ATTRIBUTES =
       ImmutableSet.of("grpc.lb.rls.data_plane_target", "grpc.lb.pick_result");
 
+  static List<Double> BUCKET_BOUNDARIES =
+      ImmutableList.of(
+          0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0,
+          16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 65.0, 80.0, 100.0, 130.0, 160.0,
+          200.0, 250.0, 300.0, 400.0, 500.0, 650.0, 800.0, 1000.0, 2000.0, 5000.0, 10000.0, 20000.0,
+          50000.0, 100000.0, 200000.0, 400000.0, 800000.0, 1600000.0, 3200000.0);
   static Aggregation AGGREGATION_WITH_MILLIS_HISTOGRAM =
-      Aggregation.explicitBucketHistogram(
-          ImmutableList.of(
-              0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0,
-              15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 65.0, 80.0, 100.0, 130.0,
-              160.0, 200.0, 250.0, 300.0, 400.0, 500.0, 650.0, 800.0, 1000.0, 2000.0, 5000.0,
-              10000.0, 20000.0, 50000.0, 100000.0, 200000.0, 400000.0, 800000.0, 1600000.0,
-              3200000.0));
+      Aggregation.explicitBucketHistogram(BUCKET_BOUNDARIES);
 
   static final Collection<String> GRPC_METRICS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT =
       ImmutableList.of(
@@ -145,14 +152,6 @@ static Map<InstrumentSelector, View> getAllViews() {
         BuiltInMetricsConstant.AGGREGATION_WITH_MILLIS_HISTOGRAM,
         InstrumentType.HISTOGRAM,
         "ms");
-    defineView(
-        views,
-        BuiltInMetricsConstant.SPANNER_METER_NAME,
-        BuiltInMetricsConstant.GFE_LATENCIES_NAME,
-        BuiltInMetricsConstant.GFE_LATENCIES_NAME,
-        BuiltInMetricsConstant.AGGREGATION_WITH_MILLIS_HISTOGRAM,
-        InstrumentType.HISTOGRAM,
-        "ms");
     defineView(
         views,
         BuiltInMetricsConstant.GAX_METER_NAME,

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributesBuilder;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.metrics.DoubleHistogram;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.metrics.LongCounter;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.metrics.Meter;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -35,6 +36,9 @@
 class BuiltInMetricsRecorder extends OpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder {
 
   private final DoubleHistogram gfeLatencyRecorder;
+  private final DoubleHistogram afeLatencyRecorder;
+  private final LongCounter gfeHeaderMissingCountRecorder;
+  private final LongCounter afeHeaderMissingCountRecorder;
 
   /**
    * Creates the following instruments for the following metrics:
@@ -59,6 +63,27 @@ class BuiltInMetricsRecorder extends OpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder {
             .setDescription(
                 "Latency between Google's network receiving an RPC and reading back the first byte of the response")
             .setUnit("ms")
+            .setExplicitBucketBoundariesAdvice(BuiltInMetricsConstant.BUCKET_BOUNDARIES)
+            .build();
+    this.afeLatencyRecorder =
+        meter
+            .histogramBuilder(serviceName + '/' + BuiltInMetricsConstant.AFE_LATENCIES_NAME)
+            .setDescription(
+                "Latency between Spanner API Frontend receiving an RPC and starting to write back the response.")
+            .setExplicitBucketBoundariesAdvice(BuiltInMetricsConstant.BUCKET_BOUNDARIES)
+            .setUnit("ms")
+            .build();
+    this.gfeHeaderMissingCountRecorder =
+        meter
+            .counterBuilder(serviceName + '/' + BuiltInMetricsConstant.GFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME)
+            .setDescription("Number of requests that failed to reach the Google network.")
+            .setUnit("1")
+            .build();
+    this.afeHeaderMissingCountRecorder =
+        meter
+            .counterBuilder(serviceName + '/' + BuiltInMetricsConstant.AFE_CONNECTIVITY_ERROR_NAME)
+            .setDescription("Number of requests that failed to reach the Spanner API Frontend.")
+            .setUnit("1")
             .build();
   }
 
@@ -69,8 +94,25 @@ class BuiltInMetricsRecorder extends OpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder {
    * @param gfeLatency Attempt Latency in ms
    * @param attributes Map of the attributes to store
    */
-  void recordGFELatency(double gfeLatency, Map<String, String> attributes) {
-    gfeLatencyRecorder.record(gfeLatency, toOtelAttributes(attributes));
+  void recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+      Long gfeLatency,
+      Long afeLatency,
+      Long gfeHeaderMissingCount,
+      Long afeHeaderMissingCount,
+      Map<String, String> attributes) {
+    io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes otelAttributes = toOtelAttributes(attributes);
+    if (gfeLatency != null) {
+      gfeLatencyRecorder.record(gfeLatency, otelAttributes);
+    }
+    if (gfeHeaderMissingCount > 0) {
+      gfeHeaderMissingCountRecorder.add(gfeHeaderMissingCount, otelAttributes);
+    }
+    if (afeLatency != null) {
+      afeLatencyRecorder.record(afeLatency, otelAttributes);
+    }
+    if (afeHeaderMissingCount > 0) {
+      afeHeaderMissingCountRecorder.add(afeHeaderMissingCount, otelAttributes);
+    }
   }
 
   Attributes toOtelAttributes(Map<String, String> attributes) {

@@ -37,8 +37,10 @@ class BuiltInMetricsTracer extends MetricsTracer implements ApiTracer {
   private final BuiltInMetricsRecorder builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder;
   // These are RPC specific attributes and pertain to a specific API Trace
   private final Map<String, String> attributes = new HashMap<>();
-
   private Long gfeLatency = null;
+  private Long afeLatency = null;
+  private long gfeHeaderMissingCount = 0;
+  private long afeHeaderMissingCount = 0;
 
   BuiltInMetricsTracer(
       MethodName methodName, BuiltInMetricsRecorder builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder) {
@@ -54,10 +56,9 @@ class BuiltInMetricsTracer extends MetricsTracer implements ApiTracer {
   @Override
   public void attemptSucceeded() {
     super.attemptSucceeded();
-    if (gfeLatency != null) {
-      attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, StatusCode.Code.OK.toString());
-      builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency, attributes);
-    }
+    attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, StatusCode.Code.OK.toString());
+    builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+        gfeLatency, afeLatency, gfeHeaderMissingCount, afeHeaderMissingCount, attributes);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -67,10 +68,9 @@ public void attemptSucceeded() {
   @Override
   public void attemptCancelled() {
     super.attemptCancelled();
-    if (gfeLatency != null) {
-      attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, StatusCode.Code.CANCELLED.toString());
-      builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency, attributes);
-    }
+    attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, StatusCode.Code.CANCELLED.toString());
+    builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+        gfeLatency, afeLatency, gfeHeaderMissingCount, afeHeaderMissingCount, attributes);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -84,10 +84,9 @@ public void attemptCancelled() {
   @Override
   public void attemptFailedDuration(Throwable error, java.time.Duration delay) {
     super.attemptFailedDuration(error, delay);
-    if (gfeLatency != null) {
-      attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
-      builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency, attributes);
-    }
+    attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
+    builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+        gfeLatency, afeLatency, gfeHeaderMissingCount, afeHeaderMissingCount, attributes);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -100,10 +99,9 @@ public void attemptFailedDuration(Throwable error, java.time.Duration delay) {
   @Override
   public void attemptFailedRetriesExhausted(Throwable error) {
     super.attemptFailedRetriesExhausted(error);
-    if (gfeLatency != null) {
-      attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
-      builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency, attributes);
-    }
+    attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
+    builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+        gfeLatency, afeLatency, gfeHeaderMissingCount, afeHeaderMissingCount, attributes);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -116,16 +114,27 @@ public void attemptFailedRetriesExhausted(Throwable error) {
   @Override
   public void attemptPermanentFailure(Throwable error) {
     super.attemptPermanentFailure(error);
-    if (gfeLatency != null) {
-      attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
-      builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency, attributes);
-    }
+    attributes.put(STATUS_ATTRIBUTE, extractStatus(error));
+    builtInOpenTelemetryMetricsRecorder.recordServerTimingHeaderMetrics(
+        gfeLatency, afeLatency, gfeHeaderMissingCount, afeHeaderMissingCount, attributes);
   }
 
   void recordGFELatency(Long gfeLatency) {
     this.gfeLatency = gfeLatency;
   }
 
+  void recordAFELatency(Long afeLatency) {
+    this.afeLatency = afeLatency;
+  }
+
+  void recordGfeHeaderMissingCount(Long value) {
+    this.gfeHeaderMissingCount = value;
+  }
+
+  void recordAfeHeaderMissingCount(Long value) {
+    this.afeHeaderMissingCount = value;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public void addAttributes(Map<String, String> attributes) {
     super.addAttributes(attributes);

@@ -198,4 +198,28 @@ public void recordGFELatency(Long gfeLatency) {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  public void recordGfeHeaderMissingCount(Long value) {
+    for (ApiTracer child : children) {
+      if (child instanceof BuiltInMetricsTracer) {
+        ((BuiltInMetricsTracer) child).recordGfeHeaderMissingCount(value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void recordAFELatency(Long afeLatency) {
+    for (ApiTracer child : children) {
+      if (child instanceof BuiltInMetricsTracer) {
+        ((BuiltInMetricsTracer) child).recordAFELatency(afeLatency);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void recordAfeHeaderMissingCount(Long value) {
+    for (ApiTracer child : children) {
+      if (child instanceof BuiltInMetricsTracer) {
+        ((BuiltInMetricsTracer) child).recordAfeHeaderMissingCount(value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -689,6 +689,10 @@ private static boolean isEmulatorEnabled(SpannerOptions options, String emulator
         && options.getHost().endsWith(emulatorHost);
   }
 
+  public static boolean isEnableAFEServerTiming() {
+    return "false".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getenv("SPANNER_DISABLE_AFE_SERVER_TIMING"));
+  }
+
   private static final RetrySettings ADMIN_REQUESTS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED_RETRY_SETTINGS =
       RetrySettings.newBuilder()
           .setInitialRetryDelayDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(5L))
@@ -1993,6 +1997,9 @@ private GrpcCallContext createBaseCallContext() {
     if (endToEndTracingEnabled) {
       context = context.withExtraHeaders(metadataProvider.newEndToEndTracingHeader());
     }
+    if (isEnableAFEServerTiming()) {
+      context = context.withExtraHeaders(metadataProvider.newAfeServerTimingHeader());
+    }
     return context
         .withStreamWaitTimeoutDuration(waitTimeout)
         .withStreamIdleTimeoutDuration(idleTimeout);

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ class HeaderInterceptor implements ClientInterceptor {
   private static final Metadata.Key<String> SERVER_TIMING_HEADER_KEY =
       Metadata.Key.of("server-timing", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER);
   private static final String GFE_TIMING_HEADER = "gfet4t7";
+  private static final String AFE_TIMING_HEADER = "afe";
   private static final Metadata.Key<String> GOOGLE_CLOUD_RESOURCE_PREFIX_KEY =
       Metadata.Key.of("google-cloud-resource-prefix", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER);
   private static final Pattern SERVER_TIMING_PATTERN =
@@ -174,13 +175,25 @@ private void processHeader(
         if (compositeTracer != null) {
           compositeTracer.recordGFELatency(gfeLatency);
         }
-
         if (span != null) {
           span.setAttribute("gfe_latency", String.valueOf(gfeLatency));
         }
       } else {
         measureMap.put(SPANNER_GFE_HEADER_MISSING_COUNT, 1L).record(tagContext);
         spannerRpcMetrics.recordGfeHeaderMissingCount(1L, attributes);
+        if (compositeTracer != null) {
+          compositeTracer.recordGfeHeaderMissingCount(1L);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Record AFE metrics
+      if (compositeTracer != null && GapicSpannerRpc.isEnableAFEServerTiming()) {
+        if (serverTimingMetrics.containsKey(AFE_TIMING_HEADER)) {
+          long afeLatency = serverTimingMetrics.get(AFE_TIMING_HEADER);
+          compositeTracer.recordAFELatency(afeLatency);
+        } else {
+          compositeTracer.recordAfeHeaderMissingCount(1L);
+        }
       }
     } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
       LOGGER.log(LEVEL, "Invalid server-timing object in header: {}", serverTiming);

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class SpannerMetadataProvider {
   private final String resourceHeaderKey;
   private static final String ROUTE_TO_LEADER_HEADER_KEY = "x-goog-spanner-route-to-leader";
   private static final String END_TO_END_TRACING_HEADER_KEY = "x-goog-spanner-end-to-end-tracing";
+  private static final String AFE_SERVER_TIMING_HEADER_KEY =
+      "x-goog-spanner-enable-afe-server-timing";
   private static final Pattern[] RESOURCE_TOKEN_PATTERNS = {
     Pattern.compile("^(?<headerValue>projects/[^/]*/instances/[^/]*/databases/[^/]*)(.*)?"),
     Pattern.compile("^(?<headerValue>projects/[^/]*/instances/[^/]*)(.*)?")
@@ -47,6 +49,8 @@ class SpannerMetadataProvider {
       ImmutableMap.of(ROUTE_TO_LEADER_HEADER_KEY, Collections.singletonList("true"));
   private static final Map<String, List<String>> END_TO_END_TRACING_HEADER_MAP =
       ImmutableMap.of(END_TO_END_TRACING_HEADER_KEY, Collections.singletonList("true"));
+  private static final Map<String, List<String>> AFE_SERVER_TIMING_HEADER_MAP =
+      ImmutableMap.of(AFE_SERVER_TIMING_HEADER_KEY, Collections.singletonList("true"));
 
   private SpannerMetadataProvider(Map<String, String> headers, String resourceHeaderKey) {
     this.resourceHeaderKey = resourceHeaderKey;
@@ -96,6 +100,10 @@ Map<String, List<String>> newEndToEndTracingHeader() {
     return END_TO_END_TRACING_HEADER_MAP;
   }
 
+  Map<String, List<String>> newAfeServerTimingHeader() {
+    return AFE_SERVER_TIMING_HEADER_MAP;
+  }
+
   private Map<Metadata.Key<String>, String> constructHeadersAsMetadata(
       Map<String, String> headers) {
     ImmutableMap.Builder<Metadata.Key<String>, String> headersAsMetadataBuilder =

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ abstract class AbstractNettyMockServerTest {
   protected static AtomicInteger fakeServerTiming =
       new AtomicInteger(new Random().nextInt(1000) + 1);
 
+  protected static AtomicInteger fakeAFEServerTiming =
+      new AtomicInteger(new Random().nextInt(500) + 1);
+
   protected Spanner spanner;
 
   @BeforeClass
@@ -72,7 +75,9 @@ public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
                           public void sendHeaders(Metadata headers) {
                             headers.put(
                                 Metadata.Key.of("server-timing", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER),
-                                String.format("gfet4t7; dur=%d", fakeServerTiming.get()));
+                                String.format(
+                                    "afe; dur=%d, gfet4t7; dur=%d",
+                                    fakeAFEServerTiming.get(), fakeServerTiming.get()));
                             super.sendHeaders(headers);
                           }
                         },