Sandbox::https://redirect.github.com/better-auth/better-auth/pull/11521

aryan1306 · 2026-10-02T05:59:16Z

node-postgres returns int8 columns as strings. readRow only converted lastRequest when it was a BigInt, so getRetryAfter concatenated the string with the window and a 429 on Postgres sent X-Retry-After: 179090146493486. readRow now converts lastRequest whenever it isn't a number.

Validation:

New regression test returns lastRequest as a string from the adapter. It failed before the fix (expected 179090225262699 to be less than or equal to 60).
vitest run src/api/rate-limiter/rate-limiter.test.ts (34 passed) and pnpm typecheck.
Repro against PostgreSQL 17: https://github.com/aryan1306/better-auth-11519-repro. It returns X-Retry-After: 60 with this change.

No breaking changes.

Summary by cubic

Fixes the X-Retry-After header on database rate limiting when the driver returns lastRequest as a string, as node-postgres does for int8 columns. It had concatenated the string with the window and returned a huge number instead of the seconds left; readRow now normalizes lastRequest to a number for any row it returns. Adds a regression test covering the string case from #11519.

^{Written for commit baf97dd. Summary will update on new commits.}

vercel · 2026-10-02T05:59:24Z

@aryan1306 is attempting to deploy a commit to the better-auth Team on Vercel.

A member of the Team first needs to authorize it.

greptile-apps · 2026-10-02T06:01:13Z

Confidence Score: 5/5

[Medium impact] The PR appears safe to merge; no outstanding finding or new blocking issue was identified.

Summary

The PR converts database-backed rate-limit timestamps to numbers so string values produce a correct X-Retry-After header. The revised regression test checks the exact remaining seconds after a controlled clock advance.

_{Reviews (3) · Last reviewed commit: "refactor(rate-limit): simplify timestamp..." · Reviewed by Greptile}

cubic-dev-ai

No issues found across 3 files

_{Re-trigger cubic}

…y-After node-postgres returns int8 columns as strings, so readRow left lastRequest as a string and getRetryAfter concatenated it with the window instead of adding. Closes better-auth#11519

pkg-pr-new · 2026-10-15T14:40:14Z

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commit: baf97dd

bytaesu · 2026-10-15T14:49:50Z

baf97dd

if (data && typeof data.lastRequest !== "number") -> if (data)

I slightly simplified the condition check.

bytaesu

LGTM!

Thanks @aryan1306 😁

## pnpm-workspace.yaml (default) ## Dependency Updates | Package | From | To | Type | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `@better-auth/cimd` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `@better-auth/mcp` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `@better-auth/oauth-provider` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `@better-auth/passkey` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `@better-auth/sso` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `better-auth` | 1.7.10 | 1.7.11 | patch | | `seroval` | 1.6.10 | 1.6.11 | patch | ## Release Notes <details> <summary>@better-auth/cimd (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> <details> <summary>@better-auth/mcp (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> <details> <summary>@better-auth/oauth-provider (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> <details> <summary>@better-auth/passkey (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> <details> <summary>@better-auth/sso (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> <details> <summary>better-auth (1.7.10 → 1.7.11)</summary> ## `better-auth` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed repeated PostgreSQL migration diffs for `int8` columns. ([#10719](better-auth/better-auth#10719)) - Fixed database-backed rate limiting returning an excessively large `X-Retry-After` value. ([#11521](better-auth/better-auth#11521)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/better-auth/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/core` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed plugin `init` returns with `options: undefined` failing type checks under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`. ([#11907](better-auth/better-auth#11907)) - Fixed ID token signature and claim validation for Twitch and Paybin sign-in. Custom Paybin issuers must publish RS256 signing keys at `<issuer>/.well-known/jwks.json`. ([#11884](better-auth/better-auth#11884)) - Reduced installation size while preserving OpenTelemetry instrumentation attributes. ([#11623](better-auth/better-auth#11623)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/oauth-provider` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed OpenAPI schemas for `/oauth2/consent` and `/oauth2/continue` to match their redirect responses. ([#10881](better-auth/better-auth#10881)) - Fixed CIMD metadata refreshes overwriting concurrent administrator changes to discovered clients. ([#11830](better-auth/better-auth#11830)) For detailed changes, see [`CHANGELOG`](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/e2365403dfa98c004ac5dd31f12769525017a67d/packages/oauth-provider/CHANGELOG.md) ## `@better-auth/expo` ### Bug Fixes - Fixed Expo social account linking with ID tokens when a session cookie is present. ([#10207](https://github.com/better-au …[full notes](https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releases/tag/v1.7.11) </details> --- *This PR was auto-generated by [catalog-update-action](https://github.com/brandhaug/catalog-update-action).* Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

aryan1306 requested a review from a team as a code owner October 2, 2026 05:59

aryan1306 requested review from Bekacru and removed request for a team October 2, 2026 05:59

better-release Bot added core Core infra, API routes, session, cookies, client SDK security 2FA, rate limiting, captcha, HIBP labels Oct 2, 2026

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fix(rate-limit): convert a string lastRequest before computing X-Retr…

cb4ef08

…y-After node-postgres returns int8 columns as strings, so readRow left lastRequest as a string and getRetryAfter concatenated it with the window instead of adding. Closes better-auth#11519

aryan1306 force-pushed the fix/rate-limit-retry-after-string branch from 688cf53 to cb4ef08 Compare October 4, 2026 17:50

refactor(rate-limit): simplify timestamp normalization

baf97dd

bytaesu approved these changes Oct 15, 2026

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bytaesu enabled auto-merge October 15, 2026 14:52

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bytaesu added this pull request to the merge queue Oct 15, 2026

Merged via the queue into better-auth:main with commit 37a75c9 Oct 15, 2026
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better-release Bot mentioned this pull request Oct 15, 2026

chore: release v1.7.11 #11827

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This was referenced Oct 22, 2026

chore(deps): bump better-auth from 1.7.10 to 1.7.11 brandhaug/effectful-better-auth#89

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chore(deps): bump all-patch-updates dependencies brandhaug/b2b-saas-starter#1376

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brandhaug mentioned this pull request Oct 22, 2026

chore(deps): bump all-patch-updates dependencies brandhaug/better-auth-vipps#51

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fix(rate-limit): convert a string lastRequest before computing X-Retry-After - #11521

fix(rate-limit): convert a string lastRequest before computing X-Retry-After#11521
bytaesu merged 2 commits into
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aryan1306:fix/rate-limit-retry-after-string

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