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ViewProjection—Wolfram Documentation

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ViewProjection

is an option for three-dimensional graphics that specifies the projection to use for the graphic.

Details
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Generalizations & Extensions  
Applications  
Possible Issues  
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ViewProjection

ViewProjection

is an option for three-dimensional graphics that specifies the projection to use for the graphic.

Details

  • The following settings can be given for ViewProjection:
  • Automaticinfer the projection from the value of the ViewPoint option
    "Perspective"use a perspective projection
    "Orthographic"use an orthographic projection
  • Perspective projection results in a foreshortening effect where the more distant an object is from the viewer, the smaller it appears. Parallel lines that point into the screen will eventually converge if extended far enough.
  • Orthographic projection preserves the apparent sizes of objects regardless of the distance from the viewer. Parallel lines running into the screen never converge.
  • ViewProjection->Automatic defaults to the "Perspective" projection unless one of the ViewPoint parameters is infinite.
  • Orthographic projection corresponds to a perspective view infinitely far from the view center. This means that even if ViewProjection->"Perspective" is set, when the ViewPoint is significantly far from the ViewCenter, the final image will appear orthographic.

Examples

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Basic Examples  (1)

By default, 3D graphics use a perspective projection:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[]]

Specify an orthographic projection instead:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewProjection -> "Orthographic"]

Scope  (3)

An orthographic projection for an arbitrary viewpoint:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewPoint -> {1, 1, 1}, ViewProjection -> "Orthographic"]

A perspective projection for an arbitrary viewpoint:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewPoint -> {1, 1, 1}, ViewProjection -> "Perspective"]

A perspective projection that is significantly far away will appear orthographic:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewPoint -> {10000, 10000, 10000}, ViewProjection -> "Perspective"]

The view projection option similarly applies to Plot3D:

Wolfram Language code: Plot3D[Sin[x] + Cos[y], {x, -6, 6}, {y, -6, 6}, ColorFunction -> "SunsetColors", ViewProjection -> "Orthographic", ViewPoint -> {0, 0, 2}, Lighting -> {{"Ambient", White}}, Mesh -> None]

Generalizations & Extensions  (1)

The default projection for an arbitrary ViewPoint will return a perspective projection:

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewPoint -> {1, 1, 1}]

Setting a ViewPoint with an infinite value will instead use an orthographic projection:

Wolfram Language code: {Graphics3D[Cylinder[], ViewPoint -> {0, -Infinity, 0}], Graphics3D[Cylinder[], ViewPoint -> {0, 0, Infinity}]}

Applications  (1)

Illustrate a space shuttle in a perspective view with accompanying orthographic top, left and side views:

Wolfram Language code: spaceShuttle = ExampleData[{"Geometry3D", "SpaceShuttle"}]; Grid[{{Show[spaceShuttle, ViewProjection -> "Orthographic", ViewPoint -> Front, ImageSize -> 150], Show[spaceShuttle, ViewProjection -> "Orthographic", ViewPoint -> Left, ImageSize -> 150] }, {Show[spaceShuttle, ViewProjection -> "Orthographic", ViewPoint -> Top, ImageSize -> 150], Show[spaceShuttle, ViewProjection -> "Perspective", ViewPoint -> {Top, Left, Front}, ImageSize -> 150]}}, Dividers -> Center]

Possible Issues  (1)

A ViewPoint sufficiently far from the camera is effectively orthographic:

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[Cuboid[], ViewPoint -> {50000, 50000, 50000}, ViewProjection -> proj], {proj, {"Orthographic", "Perspective"}}]
Wolfram Research (2017), ViewProjection, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (2017), ViewProjection, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2017. "ViewProjection." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2017). ViewProjection. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_viewprojection, author="Wolfram Research", title="{ViewProjection}", year="2017", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html}", note=[Accessed: 14-November-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2026_viewprojection, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={ViewProjection}, year={2017}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.html}, note=[Accessed: 14-November-2026]}