Lebanon

Linked to the military escalation across the Middle East, hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel intensified sharply on 2 March 2026. The surge in violence represents the most serious deterioration in security conditions since the November 2024 ceasefire, deepening an already severe humanitarian and socio-economic crisis and placing immense strain on families, communities, and overstretched aid services.

 Hostilities have continued despite ceasefire announcements, driving additional and sustained displacement, constraining humanitarian access and limiting prospects for safe return. Shelter capacity is overstretched, essential infrastructure is severely damaged, and access to basic services is increasingly constrained.

More than 3,500 people have been killed and more than 10,000 injured, while some 1 million people remain displaced from their homes. 

Prospects for safe return remain limited by ongoing insecurity, damaged housing, destroyed public infrastructure, disrupted essential services and explosive ordnance risks.

Attacks on health care are a major protection concern and a direct constraint on civilians’ access to life-saving services. Between 2 March and 31 May, a total of 190 incidents have been recorded, causing 128 deaths and 332 injuries among health care professionals, underscoring the alarming pattern of violence against medical workers operating in a severely strained health system. These attacks have targeted health workers, ambulances, medical facilities, and supply chains, further degrading an already fragile health infrastructure.

Nearly one in four people in Lebanon are expected to face crisis and emergency levels of food insecurity until August 2026, marking a significant deterioration due to conflict, displacement and economic pressure.

More than half of the displaced are women and girls - staying in 636 collective shelters. Displacement is becoming prolonged; prospects for safe return are limited; and families remain in increasingly precarious arrangements. 

 In conflict-affected governorates, 23 per cent of agricultural areas are damaged, destroyed or inaccessible, with up to 78 per cent of farmers have reported inability to access their farmland, eroding livelihoods and worsening food security.

Health services are under severe strain with 62 facilities (hospitals and primary health care centres) either damaged or closed.

Most of the collective shelters are schools, which is driving learning loss, drop-out risks and heightened protection risks for children, with 166,000 students only able to access education online.

In June 2026, together with the Government, the UN launched a revised Flash Appeal calling for an additional US $331.5 million to cover the period from June to August to reach 1.4 million people. This brings the total revised Flash Appeal requirements for March to August 2026 to $639.9 million.